Urogenital System Flashcards
What 4 organs make up the urogenital system
Kidneys; ureters; bladder; urethra
What is the function of kidneys
Filter blood to create urine
What gland is at the apex of the kidney
Supra-renal
What rib does the apex of the left (right) kidney sit under
11 (12; due to the presence of the liver)
Where does urine exit out of the kidney
Through the ureter
What blood vessels supply and drain the kidney
Renal artery and renal vein
What is the hilum
The entrance/exit to the kidney
What is the piece of kidney called directly underneath the capsule
The cortex
What is the innermost part of the kidney called
The medulla
Describe the pathway of urine exiting the kidney
Medulla; calyces; minor calyx; major calyx; renal pelvis; ureter
What is the ureter
Smooth muscle tube passing from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder
Where are the 3 constrictions in the ureter
Ureteropelvic junction; crossing pelvic brim; entry to bladder
Where do the ureters enter the bladder
At the trigone
What drains the bladder
Urethra
What lines the bladder
Transitional epithelium
What is the urethra
A muscle tube that passes from the pelvic cavity into the perineum
Describe how urinary stones are formed
Uric acid can turn into crystallised structures; calculi
What are the 4 organs of the female reproductive system
Ovaries; uterine (fallopian) tubes; uterus; vagina
Where does fertilisation of the ovum take place
Within the uterine tube; implantation occurs in the uterus
What ligament covers the uterus
Peritoneum; the broad ligament
What are the 3 layers of the uterus (start with the outermost)
Perimetrium; myometrium; endometrium
What does the vagina pass through
Pelvic floor (urogenital diaphragm) and into the perineum
What are the 5 organs of the male reproductive system
Testes; vas deferens; seminal vesicles; prostate gland; penis
What do the testes descend through
Inguinal canal, into the scrotum
What is the function of the vas deferens
Carries sperm from the testis to the ejaculatory duct in the prostate gland
Why can’t spermatogenesis take place within the abdominal cavity
It is too warm
What are the seminal vesicles and what is their function
Pair of simple tubular glands and release fluid to support the sperm
What is formed when the vas deferens join the duct of the seminal vesicles
The ejaculatory duct
What does the ejaculatory duct join with
The prostatic urethra
What does the male urethra unite
The reproductive and urinary systems
