Urogenital System Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 organs make up the urogenital system

A

Kidneys; ureters; bladder; urethra

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2
Q

What is the function of kidneys

A

Filter blood to create urine

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3
Q

What gland is at the apex of the kidney

A

Supra-renal

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4
Q

What rib does the apex of the left (right) kidney sit under

A

11 (12; due to the presence of the liver)

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5
Q

Where does urine exit out of the kidney

A

Through the ureter

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6
Q

What blood vessels supply and drain the kidney

A

Renal artery and renal vein

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7
Q

What is the hilum

A

The entrance/exit to the kidney

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8
Q

What is the piece of kidney called directly underneath the capsule

A

The cortex

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9
Q

What is the innermost part of the kidney called

A

The medulla

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10
Q

Describe the pathway of urine exiting the kidney

A

Medulla; calyces; minor calyx; major calyx; renal pelvis; ureter

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11
Q

What is the ureter

A

Smooth muscle tube passing from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder

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12
Q

Where are the 3 constrictions in the ureter

A

Ureteropelvic junction; crossing pelvic brim; entry to bladder

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13
Q

Where do the ureters enter the bladder

A

At the trigone

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14
Q

What drains the bladder

A

Urethra

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15
Q

What lines the bladder

A

Transitional epithelium

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16
Q

What is the urethra

A

A muscle tube that passes from the pelvic cavity into the perineum

17
Q

Describe how urinary stones are formed

A

Uric acid can turn into crystallised structures; calculi

18
Q

What are the 4 organs of the female reproductive system

A

Ovaries; uterine (fallopian) tubes; uterus; vagina

19
Q

Where does fertilisation of the ovum take place

A

Within the uterine tube; implantation occurs in the uterus

20
Q

What ligament covers the uterus

A

Peritoneum; the broad ligament

21
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus (start with the outermost)

A

Perimetrium; myometrium; endometrium

22
Q

What does the vagina pass through

A

Pelvic floor (urogenital diaphragm) and into the perineum

23
Q

What are the 5 organs of the male reproductive system

A

Testes; vas deferens; seminal vesicles; prostate gland; penis

24
Q

What do the testes descend through

A

Inguinal canal, into the scrotum

25
What is the function of the vas deferens
Carries sperm from the testis to the ejaculatory duct in the prostate gland
26
Why can't spermatogenesis take place within the abdominal cavity
It is too warm
27
What are the seminal vesicles and what is their function
Pair of simple tubular glands and release fluid to support the sperm
28
What is formed when the vas deferens join the duct of the seminal vesicles
The ejaculatory duct
29
What does the ejaculatory duct join with
The prostatic urethra
30
What does the male urethra unite
The reproductive and urinary systems