Terminology and Basic Body Forms Flashcards
Anatomical position (7 key points)
Standing; facing anteriorly; eyes looking forward; arms by side; palms facing anteriorly; feet together; toes pointing anteriorly
3 anatomical planes
Sagittal plane; coronal plane; transverse plane
5 set of directions
Superior/inferior; anterior/posterior; medial/lateral; proximal/distal; superficial/deep
Describe flexion
Decreasing angle between parts; like flexing elbow joint
Describe extension
Increasing angle between parts; essentially opposite from flexion
Describe the 2 flexions in ankle joints
Plantar flexion (on tip toes) and dorsiflexion (feet are flat)
Describe abduction
To take away from the midline (can be arms/legs)
Describe adduction
To take towards the midline
Describe rotation
To move around the long axis (e.g. twisting arm from shoulder)
Describe circumduction and what is it a combination of
A circular movement; combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction)
Describe pronation/supination
Rotation of forearm and hand; supination palms are facing up (and vice versa)
Where does inversion/eversion take place and describe inversion
Takes place at the ankle joint; inversion, the sole is facing the mid line (vice versa for eversion)
Describe retraction
Movement of a body part in the posterior direction
Describe protrusion
Movement of a body part in the anterior direction
Describe elevation and (depression)
Move a body part superiorly or (inferiorly); like lifting and dropping shoulders
Name the 2 wrist movements and describe
Flexion and extension; during flexion, wrist is flexed upwards (if in anatomical position); extension is the opposite
What is a condyle
A smooth rounded elevation where 2 bones are in contact with one another
What is a crest
A sharp/narrow ridge; like the top of pelvis
What is an epicondyle
An elevation above a condyle
What is a facet
This is a smooth area of bone
What is a process
This is a localised projection of outgrowth
What is a trochanter
A large rounded elevation used for muscle attachment
What is a tubercle
A small rounded elevation; essentially a small trochanter used for muscle attachment
What is a tuberosity
Any prominence on a bone to which tendons are attached
What is a foramen
An opening in bone (big spaces)
What is a fossa
A wide depression
What is a notch
A large groove
What is a sulcus
A furrow/channel
