Integumentary System Flashcards
What does hypo- mean
Underneath
What are the 3 sections of skin
Epidermis; dermis; hypodermis
What type of epithelium does the epidermis contain
Stratified squamous epithelium
What tissue makes up the dermis
Connective tissue
If you cut yourself, how do deep do you have to cut to bleed
Cut down to the hypodermis
Describe 3 functions of the skin
Protection against water loss; protection against UV; temperature regulation
What causes skin to have cleavage lines
The orientation of collagen in the dermis
When do friction ridges on the epidermis develop
During the first 8 weeks of uterine development
What makes negroid skin darker
Due to the presence of melanised cells of stratum basale
Describe cyanosis
Blueness resulting from deficiency of oxygen in the circulating blood (cold weather)
Describe erythema
Redness due to dilated cutaneous vessels (anger, embarrassment, sunburn)
Describe jaundice
Yellowing of skin and sclera due to the excess of bilirubin in blood (liver disease)
Describe pallor
Pale colour from lack of blood flow
Describe albinism
Genetic lack of melanin
What causes hemangiomas (birthmarks)
Benign tumours of dermal blood capillaries
Name the 3 types of skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma; malignant melanoma
What causes acne vulgaris
Plugged follicles become infected forming acids that irritate the skin
What causes decubitus (bed sores)
Skin close to bone undergoes constant pressure; causes blood vessels to compress, depriving tissue of oxygen and nutrition
What causes warts (benign epithelia tumours)
By viruses
What is harmed in a 1st degree burn
Only the epidermis (red, painful and edema)
What is harmed in a 2nd degree burn
Epidermis and part of the dermis (blistered)
What is harmed in a 3rd degree burn
Epidermis, dermis and more is destroyed (no stopping point for this degree)
Describe a 4th degree burn
Extends through entire skin, and into underlying fat, muscle and bone
Is a 4th degree burn painful after
No, the nerve endings are destroyed and so you wouldn’t feel anything
Using the Lund-Browder method split minor, serious and severe burns into their %
Minor = <10% ; serious = >15% ; severe = >20%
What is an autograft
Tissue from different region of the patient
What is an isograft
Tissue from an identical twin
What is a homograft (allograft)
Graft from an unrelated person
What is a heterograft (xenograft)
Tissue from another species
What 3 organs make up the integumentary system
Skin, hair and nails (fingers and toes)
