Cardiovascular System 1 - The Heart Flashcards
What is the cardiovascular system made up of
Heart, arteries, veins and capillaries
What 2 divisions is the cardiovascular made up of
Pulmonary circuit (right side of heart) and systemic circuit (left side of heart)
What does the pulmonary circuit carry away from the heart
Carries blood to lungs for gas exchange
What does the systemic circuit supply
Supplies blood and nutrients to all organs and tissues of the body
Where is the heart located
In the thoracic cavity, in the space between the lungs (the mediastinum)
What is the broad superior and posterior portion of the heart called
The base
What is the inferior portion of the heart located slightly left of the midline called
The apex
What is the specialised muscle that the heart is made up of called
Myocardium
What is the sac called that the heart sits in
The pericardium
What are the 4 heart chambers called
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle
What are the 2 different views we can see the heart from
Anterior and posteroinferior
What does the heart sit on
The diaphragm
What are the 2 blood vessels that supply and drain blood from the heart
Coronary arteries and cardiac veins
What are the 3 main cardiac veins
Great, small and middle
Name the 9 arterial pressure points
Temporal, common carotid, facial, radial, brachial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis
What is the ‘normal’ value for BP
120/80 mm HG
What is the heart rate of an individual with tachycardia (bradycardia)
HR > 100 (HR < 60)
Name the 2 valves on the right side of the heart
Tricuspid valve to pulmonary valve
Name the 2 valves on the left side of the heart
Mitral (bicuspid) valve to aortic valve
Describe the state of diastole (systole)
Relaxation (contraction) of the ventricles
Describe the pathway of an increase in pressure in the ventricles
Contraction in tricuspid and mitral valves; relaxation in aortic and pulmonary valves (blood exists the heart at high pressure)
What valves are semilunar
Pulmonary and aortic
What valves are cuspid
Tricuspid and mitral
How are the semilunar valves shut and what is filled
Backflow of blood; fills coronary arteries
How are the cuspid valves shut
Pressure increases in the ventricles and pushes valves shut
What prevents prolapse of cuspid valves
Papillary muscles contract and pull on chordae tendinae
What initiates and sets the heart beat
The SA node
What cardiac veins drain directly into the right atrium
Anterior cardiac veins
