Cardiovascular System 1 - The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cardiovascular system made up of

A

Heart, arteries, veins and capillaries

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2
Q

What 2 divisions is the cardiovascular made up of

A

Pulmonary circuit (right side of heart) and systemic circuit (left side of heart)

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3
Q

What does the pulmonary circuit carry away from the heart

A

Carries blood to lungs for gas exchange

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4
Q

What does the systemic circuit supply

A

Supplies blood and nutrients to all organs and tissues of the body

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5
Q

Where is the heart located

A

In the thoracic cavity, in the space between the lungs (the mediastinum)

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6
Q

What is the broad superior and posterior portion of the heart called

A

The base

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7
Q

What is the inferior portion of the heart located slightly left of the midline called

A

The apex

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8
Q

What is the specialised muscle that the heart is made up of called

A

Myocardium

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9
Q

What is the sac called that the heart sits in

A

The pericardium

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10
Q

What are the 4 heart chambers called

A

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle

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11
Q

What are the 2 different views we can see the heart from

A

Anterior and posteroinferior

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12
Q

What does the heart sit on

A

The diaphragm

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13
Q

What are the 2 blood vessels that supply and drain blood from the heart

A

Coronary arteries and cardiac veins

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14
Q

What are the 3 main cardiac veins

A

Great, small and middle

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15
Q

Name the 9 arterial pressure points

A

Temporal, common carotid, facial, radial, brachial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis

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16
Q

What is the ‘normal’ value for BP

A

120/80 mm HG

17
Q

What is the heart rate of an individual with tachycardia (bradycardia)

A

HR > 100 (HR < 60)

18
Q

Name the 2 valves on the right side of the heart

A

Tricuspid valve to pulmonary valve

19
Q

Name the 2 valves on the left side of the heart

A

Mitral (bicuspid) valve to aortic valve

20
Q

Describe the state of diastole (systole)

A

Relaxation (contraction) of the ventricles

21
Q

Describe the pathway of an increase in pressure in the ventricles

A

Contraction in tricuspid and mitral valves; relaxation in aortic and pulmonary valves (blood exists the heart at high pressure)

22
Q

What valves are semilunar

A

Pulmonary and aortic

23
Q

What valves are cuspid

A

Tricuspid and mitral

24
Q

How are the semilunar valves shut and what is filled

A

Backflow of blood; fills coronary arteries

25
How are the cuspid valves shut
Pressure increases in the ventricles and pushes valves shut
26
What prevents prolapse of cuspid valves
Papillary muscles contract and pull on chordae tendinae
27
What initiates and sets the heart beat
The SA node
28
What cardiac veins drain directly into the right atrium
Anterior cardiac veins