Respiratory System

Question 1

What 6 organs make up the respiratory system

Answer 1

Nose; pharynx; larynx; trachea; bronchi; lungs

Question 2

What would happen to our cells if we breathed in pure oxygen

Answer 2

They would burst

Question 3

What is the function of the nasal cavity

Answer 3

Filters, warms and moistens air; passage to pharynx

Question 4

What are conchae

Answer 4

Small bony projections from nasal cavity wall; covered in a mucus membrane

Question 5

What is the function of conchae

Answer 5

Create turbulence in the air; warms and moistens air

Question 6

What is the choana

Answer 6

The opening that leads into the pharynx

Question 7

What are the paranasal sinuses

Answer 7

Group of 4 paired air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity

Question 8

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses

Answer 8

Produce mucus and act as resonators

Question 9

What 4 bones have sinuses

Answer 9

Ethmoid; sphenoid; frontal; maxillary

Question 10

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx

Answer 10

Nasopharynx; oropharynx; laryngopharynx

Question 11

What is the function of the pharynx

Answer 11

Passage between the nose, mouth and larynx/oesophagus

Question 12

What is the function of the larynx

Answer 12

Passage for air between the pharynx and the lower respiratory tract; production of sound and speech (phonation)

Question 13

What cartilage connects the larynx with the trachea below

Answer 13

Cricoid cartilage

Question 14

What cartilage connects the vocal cords

Answer 14

Cricoid and arytenoid cartilage

Question 15

What is the epiglottis made of

Answer 15

Elastic cartilage

Question 16

How do we make sound

Answer 16

Our vocal cords vibrate against one another (phonation)

Question 17

What movement opens the vocal cords

Answer 17

Abduction

Question 18

What muscles are responsible for the abduction (adduction) of the vocal cords

Answer 18

Posterior crico-arytenoid (lateral crico-arytenoid)

Question 19

Where does the trachea begin

Answer 19

C6/7 below the larynx

Question 20

What is the carina and what splits here

Answer 20

V-shaped cartilage at transverse thoracic plane (T4/5); trachea divides into right and left bronchi

Question 21

What holds the trachea open

Answer 21

C-shaped cartilages anteriorly

Question 22

What is the muscle called at the posterior section of the trachea and what does it allow

Answer 22

Trachealis muscle; accommodates the expansion of the oesophagus during peristalsis

Question 23

What bronchi is straighter and broader

Answer 23

The right

Question 24

What are the 3 lobes called of the lung

Answer 24

Superior; middle (only on one lung); inferior

Question 25

What does the oblique fissure separate

Answer 25

Superior and inferior lobes

Question 26

What does the horizontal fissure separate

Answer 26

Superior and middle lobes

Question 27

How many lobes does a regular right (left) lung contain

Answer 27

3 (2)

Question 28

What structures make impressions on the left lung

Answer 28

Left ventricle; arch of the aorta and descending aorta

Question 29

What structures make impressions on the right lung

Answer 29

Right atrium; arch of azygous vein; SVC

Question 30

How many pulmonary veins will be exiting the lungs

Answer 30

At least 2

Question 31

What is the function of the parietal pleura

Answer 31

It lines the pulmonary cavity

Question 32

What are the 4 parts of the parietal pleura

Answer 32

Cervical; costal; diaphragmatic; mediastinal

Question 33

What covers the surface of the lung

Answer 33

Visceral pleura

Question 34

What is the function of the bronchial tree

Answer 34

Passage for air to and from the lungs

Question 35

Where does gaseous exchange take place

Answer 35

Within the alveolar sacs

Question 36

What 3 types of bronchioles are there

Answer 36

Conducting; terminal; respiratory

Question 37

What is the primary muscle of inspiration at rest

Answer 37

The diaphragm

Question 38

What direction does the sternum move when breathing

Answer 38

Anteriorly and superiorly

Question 39

What direction does the lower ribcage move when breathing

Answer 39

Laterally

Question 40

What direction does the diaphragm move when breathing

Answer 40

Diaphragm descends

Question 41

What muscles raise (lower) the ribs

Answer 41

External intercostal (internal intercostal)

Question 42

Name the 4 accessory muscles of inspiration

Answer 42

Scalenes; pectoralis minor; sternocleidomastoid; erector spinae muscles