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Anatomy > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What 6 organs make up the respiratory system

A

Nose; pharynx; larynx; trachea; bronchi; lungs

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2
Q

What would happen to our cells if we breathed in pure oxygen

A

They would burst

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3
Q

What is the function of the nasal cavity

A

Filters, warms and moistens air; passage to pharynx

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4
Q

What are conchae

A

Small bony projections from nasal cavity wall; covered in a mucus membrane

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5
Q

What is the function of conchae

A

Create turbulence in the air; warms and moistens air

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6
Q

What is the choana

A

The opening that leads into the pharynx

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7
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses

A

Group of 4 paired air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity

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8
Q

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses

A

Produce mucus and act as resonators

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9
Q

What 4 bones have sinuses

A

Ethmoid; sphenoid; frontal; maxillary

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10
Q

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx; oropharynx; laryngopharynx

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11
Q

What is the function of the pharynx

A

Passage between the nose, mouth and larynx/oesophagus

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12
Q

What is the function of the larynx

A

Passage for air between the pharynx and the lower respiratory tract; production of sound and speech (phonation)

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13
Q

What cartilage connects the larynx with the trachea below

A

Cricoid cartilage

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14
Q

What cartilage connects the vocal cords

A

Cricoid and arytenoid cartilage

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15
Q

What is the epiglottis made of

A

Elastic cartilage

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16
Q

How do we make sound

A

Our vocal cords vibrate against one another (phonation)

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17
Q

What movement opens the vocal cords

A

Abduction

18
Q

What muscles are responsible for the abduction (adduction) of the vocal cords

A

Posterior crico-arytenoid (lateral crico-arytenoid)

19
Q

Where does the trachea begin

A

C6/7 below the larynx

20
Q

What is the carina and what splits here

A

V-shaped cartilage at transverse thoracic plane (T4/5); trachea divides into right and left bronchi

21
Q

What holds the trachea open

A

C-shaped cartilages anteriorly

22
Q

What is the muscle called at the posterior section of the trachea and what does it allow

A

Trachealis muscle; accommodates the expansion of the oesophagus during peristalsis

23
Q

What bronchi is straighter and broader

A

The right

24
Q

What are the 3 lobes called of the lung

A

Superior; middle (only on one lung); inferior

25
Q

What does the oblique fissure separate

A

Superior and inferior lobes

26
Q

What does the horizontal fissure separate

A

Superior and middle lobes

27
Q

How many lobes does a regular right (left) lung contain

A

3 (2)

28
Q

What structures make impressions on the left lung

A

Left ventricle; arch of the aorta and descending aorta

29
Q

What structures make impressions on the right lung

A

Right atrium; arch of azygous vein; SVC

30
Q

How many pulmonary veins will be exiting the lungs

A

At least 2

31
Q

What is the function of the parietal pleura

A

It lines the pulmonary cavity

32
Q

What are the 4 parts of the parietal pleura

A

Cervical; costal; diaphragmatic; mediastinal

33
Q

What covers the surface of the lung

A

Visceral pleura

34
Q

What is the function of the bronchial tree

A

Passage for air to and from the lungs

35
Q

Where does gaseous exchange take place

A

Within the alveolar sacs

36
Q

What 3 types of bronchioles are there

A

Conducting; terminal; respiratory

37
Q

What is the primary muscle of inspiration at rest

A

The diaphragm

38
Q

What direction does the sternum move when breathing

A

Anteriorly and superiorly

39
Q

What direction does the lower ribcage move when breathing

A

Laterally

40
Q

What direction does the diaphragm move when breathing

A

Diaphragm descends

41
Q

What muscles raise (lower) the ribs

A

External intercostal (internal intercostal)

42
Q

Name the 4 accessory muscles of inspiration

A

Scalenes; pectoralis minor; sternocleidomastoid; erector spinae muscles

Anatomy (20 decks)

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