Digestive System - Foregut Flashcards
Where does the digestive system path from to
Between the oral cavity to the anal opening
What happens when food enters the mouth
Teeth physically break up food and tongue helps to form a bolus that is funnelled towards the oesophagus by the pharynx
Describe where the oesophagus runs from and where it ends up
Inferior constrictor of the pharynx (C6), through the thoracic inlet and into the posterior mediastinum of the thorax
Roughly where does the oesophagus enter the stomach
After passing through the oesophageal opening of the diaphragm at T10
Describe what 6 organs make up the foregut
Distal oesophagus, stomach, liver, spleen, proximal duodenum, pancreas
How many branches branch off the coeliac axis
3, immediately after branching from the abdominal aorta
What side of the stomach is the greater curvature located
Left
What are the 3 main regions of the stomach
Fundus, body, pyloric canal
What are the rough interior parts of the stomach
Rugae
Describe the main functions of the stomach
Churns food with digestive acid to create chyme which is passed into the duodenum via the pyloric valve
What are the 3 muscle coats/fibres for movement in the stomach
Outer = longitudinal; middle = circular; inner = oblique
Where does the greater omentum extend from
Greater curvature of the stomach, passing in front of the small intestines
Where does the lesser omentum hang from
Liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach
What are the 2 sections of the liver
Right and left lobes
What ligament attaches the liver to the anterior body wall
Falciform ligament
What is the entrance to the liver called
Porta hepatis
What does the liver produce and where is this substance stored
Bile and stored in the gall bladder
What are the ducts that release bile into the duodenum
Cystic and bile
What ribs protect the spleen
9, 10 and 11
What is the main function of the spleen
Breaks down old red blood cells and forms immune cells (T and B)
What is the duodenum
A C- shaped tube passing between the pyloric valve of the stomach and the jejunum
Describe the 1st part of the duodenum
Duodenal cap attached to the pyloric cap
Describe the 2nd part of the duodenum
Loop around head of the pancreas; entrance of the bile duct and pancreatic duct (duodenal papilla)
Describe the 3rd part of the duodenum
Transverse crossed by superior mesenteric vessels
Describe the 4th part of the duodenum
Ascending region joining the jejunum
What does the pancreas secrete
Insulin and digestive enzymes
What are the 4 regions of the pancreas (start with most inferior)
Head, neck, body, tail
How are digestive enzymes transported from the pancreas to the duodenum
The pancreatic duct empties into the duodenal papilla
