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Gross Anatomy 1 > Urogenital II > Flashcards

Urogenital II Flashcards

1
Q

Scrotum

A
  • pouch of skin divided by a median septum into two compartments
  • each compartment has a testis, an epididymis, and the distal part of the spermatic cord
  • scrotal raphe - external mark of the scrotal septum
  • left testis is usually farther caudal than the right
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2
Q

Layers of the scrotum

A
  • skin = thin, pigmented, covered with few hairs
  • tunica dartos = smooth muscle layer, contraction causes the scrotal skin to retract and draw the testes close to the body
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3
Q

scrotal ligament

A

connects the tunica dartos to the ligament of the tail of the epididymis

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4
Q

Scrotum - cat

A
  • located just ventral to anus

- lies on the short, caudally directed penis

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5
Q

Testes

A
  • located in scrotum obliquely with long axis running dorsocaudally
  • nearly spherical
  • enclosed in tunica vaginalis, spermatic and cremasteric fasciae, which are connected to tunica dartos
  • epididymis is attached to the dorsolateral surface of testis, with head at the cranial extremity and tail at the caudal extremity
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6
Q

Layers of the Testes

A
  • scrotal skin
  • tunica dartos
  • scrotal septum
  • external spermatic fascia
  • parietal layer of vaginal tunic
  • visceral layer of vaginal tunic
  • tunica albuginea
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7
Q

Attachments of the Testes

A

Proper ligament of the testis
-attaches the testis to the tail of the epididymis

Ligament of the tail of the epididymis
-attaches the tail of epididymus to the vaginal tunic and spermatic fascia

Scrotal Ligament
-attaches tunica dartos and ligament of tail of epididymis

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8
Q

Epididymis: Function and Parts

A
  • spermatozoa are stored before ejaculation
  • lies along dorsolateral border of testis

Parts

  • head (caput) = begins on cranial medial surface of testis but immediately twists toward lateral side
  • body (corpus) = runs along the dorsolateral surface of testis
  • tail (cauda epididumis) = attached to the caudal extremity of testis by the proper ligament of the testis
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9
Q

As the epididymis continues craniodorsally, what is it?

A

ductus deferens

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10
Q

mesorchium

A

visceral vaginal tunic that attaches the medial edge of the epididymis to the testis

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11
Q

testicular bursa

A
  • potential spaced created by the mesorchium passing medially over the lateral surface of the epididymis
  • limited cranially and caudally by epididymal head and tail
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12
Q

Ductus Deferens

A

-AKA Vas Deferens
-continuation of the tail of the epididymis
-passes cranially along
dorsomedial border of testis
-enters abdominal cavity at vaginal ring
-right and left ducts enter the genital fold

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13
Q

Blood supply to the testis and epididymis

A
  • testicular artery

- artery of ductus deferens

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14
Q

Pampiniform Plexus

A

extensive plexus formed by the testicular vein

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15
Q

Spermatic Cord

A
  • begins at vaginal ring

- pass through inguinal canal during descent of testis

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16
Q

Anatomical Spermatic Cord

A
  • ductus deferens and its vessels
  • mesoductus deferens
  • testicular artery
  • testicular veins that form pampiniform plexus
  • lymphatics of testis and epididymis
  • testicular nerve plexus
  • mesorchium
17
Q

Surgical/ Clinical Spermatic Cord

A
  • all features of anatomical spermatic cord
  • cremaster muscle
  • parietal vaginal tunic
18
Q

Castration: Open vs. Closed

A

Open = opens the vaginal tunic

Closed = w/o opening the vaginal tunic

Choice is based on surgeon and size of animal (larger - more open; smaller - more closed)

19
Q

Male Accessory Sex Glands

A
  • ampullary gland

- prostate

20
Q

Prostate

A
  • completely surrounds urethra at neck of bladder
  • dorsal surface is covered by peritoneum
  • ventral surface is retroperitoneal
  • dorsally bound by rectum
  • ventrally bound by pubis symphysis and ventral abdominal wall
  • median septum divides it into right and left lobes
21
Q

Where do the 2 ductus deferens enter the prostate?

A
  • craniodorsal surface

- Run through prostate to open into urethra by two slits on each side of a hillock, the colliculus seminalis

22
Q

Three divisions of the Penis

A

Root

  • left and right crura
  • bulb of the penis

Body
-two adjacent corpora cavernosa

Glans

  • bulbus glandis
  • pars longa glandis
23
Q

T/F: In the non-erect state, the glans is entirely withdrawn into the prepuce.

A

True

24
Q

Root of the Penis

A
  • crus of the penis
  • proximal end of corpus cavernosum penis
  • originate from ischiatic tuberosity
  • surrounded by ishiocavernosus muscle
25
Q

Bulb of the Penis

A
  • lies between the crura
  • partially bilobed - not complete separation
  • continuous with corpus songiosum surrounding caudal part of urethra
  • externally covered by bulbospongiosus muscle
26
Q

Body of the Penis

A
  • body begins where the 2 crura join distal to the bulb
  • includes corpus cavernosa, corpus spongiosus, and urethra
  • enveloped by tunica albuginea
27
Q

Glans of the Penis

A
  • pars longa glandis
  • bulbus glandis

Also surrounds the os penis

28
Q

Bulbus glandis

A
  • barrel-shaped cavernous expansion of corpus spongiosum
  • surrounds proximal third of os penis
  • not distinct in non-erect stage
  • functions to provide the “tie” or “lock” during copulation
  • separated from pars longa glandis by c.t. septum
29
Q

Pars longa glandis

A
  • no connection between it and the corpus spongiosum

- short, large vein on each side drains pars longa glandis into cavernous bulbus glandis

30
Q

Os penis

A

ossification of corpora cavernosa

31
Q

Prepuce

A

fold of skin that covers glans of penis in the retracted state

Four parts:
External Lamina
-haired skin on outer surface
-continuous with skin of abdominal wall

Internal Lamina

  • in contact with penis
  • terminates at the fornix

Preputial orifice
-external and internal lamina meet

Preputial fornix
-internal lamina reflect onto glans penis

32
Q

Muscles of the Penis

A
  • Ischiocavernosus
  • Bulbospongiosus
  • Retractor penis
  • Ischiourethralis
33
Q

Ischiocavernosus m.

A
  • ischiatic tuberosity

- encloses the crura

34
Q

Bulbospongiosus m.

A
  • surrouds bulb of penis

- arises from external anal sphincter

35
Q

Retractor penis m.

A
  • mainly smooth muscle

- arises from first 2 caudal vertebrae

36
Q

Ischiourethralis m.

A
  • originates from ischiatic tuberosity

- inserts into fibrous ring that encircles dorsal vein of penis

37
Q

What is the erectile tissue found in the crus of the penis?

A

corpus cavernosum

Gross Anatomy 1 (20 decks)

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