Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gross Anatomy 1 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

Everything that isn’t brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe function of Spinal Cord

A
  • Localized control - reflex activity (does not get back to brain)
  • conduction of impulses to & from higher levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Neuron

A

basic functional unit of the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nerve

A

collection of axons located in PNS; will also contain supporting cells (Schwan cells) and CT (endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tract

A

collection of neuronal cell processes traveling within the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ganglion

A

collection of neuron cell bodies outside of the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nucleus

A

collection of neuron cell bodies within the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

“Afferent”

A
  • toward CNS

- sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

“Efferent’

A
  • away from CNS

- motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Primary Afferent Neurons

A
  • conduct sensory impulses from periphery into CNS
  • pseudounipolar neurons
  • come into the dorsal root and then the dorsal gray horn
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Final Efferent Neurons

A
  • conduct motor impulses from CNS to effector organ
  • aka Lower Motor Neuron (LMN)
  • take signal from ventral gray horn out the ventral root
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Monosynaptic Patellar Reflex

A
  • simplest kind of reflex

- involves a primary afferent neuron and a lower motor neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Interneurons

A
  • relatively short neurons interposed between afferent and efferent neurons
  • located entirely within CNS
  • May be excitatory or inhibitory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Withdrawal Reflex

A
  • local action

- nothing to do with pain (pain comes later)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Projection Neurons

A
  • Located in CNS
  • send axons longer distances than interneurons
  • can be an ascending tract to the brain
  • can come from the brain down as an Upper Motor Neuron (UMN)
17
Q

ipsilateral

A

occurring on the same side of the body

18
Q

contralateral

A

occurring on the opposite side of the body

19
Q

somatic

A

main body mass

20
Q

visceral

A

organs and blood vessels

21
Q

General Somatic Efferent (GSE)

A
  • multipolar neurons that supply most of the skeletal muscles of the body
  • single neuron extends all the way from CNS to muscle fibers involved
22
Q

General Visceral Efferent (GVE)

A
  • multipolar neurons that supply smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
  • form autonomic nervous system (ANS)
  • consist of a 2-neuron chain between CNS and effector organ
23
Q

General Somatic Afferent (GSA)

A
  • pseudounipolar neurons that carry sensory info from somatic body systems (skin, musculoskeletal system, etc)
  • cell bodies are located in sensory ganglia
24
Q

General Visceral Afferent (GVA)

A
  • pseudounipolar neurons carry sensory info from visceral body systems
  • cell bodies located in sensory ganglia
25
Q

Special Somatic Afferent (SSA)

A

Bipolar neurons that carry visual and auditory info

26
Q

Special Visceral Afferent (SVA)

A

Bipolar and pseudounipolar neurons that carry taste and smell sensations

27
Q

The epaxial region (area above transverse processes) has what type of spinal nerve branches?

A

dorsal branches

28
Q

The hypaxial region (area below transverse processes) has what type of spinal nerve branches?

A

ventral branches

29
Q

How many pairs of cervical spinal nerves are there?

A

8 pairs

30
Q

How many pairs of thoracic spinal nerves are there?

A

13 pairs

31
Q

How many pairs of lumbar spinal nerves are there?

A

7 pairs

32
Q

How many pairs of sacral spinal nerves are there?

A

3 pairs

33
Q

Describe a withdrawl reflex

A
  1. receptor gets signal
  2. primary afferent neuron picks up signal and takes to dorsal horn
  3. from dorsal horn, excitatory and inhibitory interneurons send signal to flexor and extensor muscles, respectively
  4. Flexors flex and Extensors extend and the paw is withdrawn
34
Q

Basic make up of ALL spinal nerves

A

Dorsal root (sensory, afferent) and ventral root (motor, efferent) join to form spinal nerve which divides into dorsal branch (motor and sensory), ventral branch (motor and sensory), and communcating branch (ramus communicans)

Gross Anatomy 1 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions