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Gross Anatomy 1 > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

-lower pressure -from heart to lungs and back to the heart

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2
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

-higher pressure -distributed from heart throughout body and back to the heart

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3
Q

Arteries carry blood…

A

AWAY from heart

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4
Q

Veins carry blood…

A

TOWARD heart

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5
Q

What is special about portal systems? Give examples.

A

Blood flows through 2 capillary beds before returning to heart. Ex - - Hepatic Portal System - Hypothalamico-hypophyseal Portal system

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6
Q

Location of the Heart

A

-Roughly from 3rd to 6th intercostal space -Will vary slightly for swallow, normal, or deep chested dogs

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7
Q

Where is the trabecula septomarginalis? What does it do?

A

Location: Right ventricle Conducts Purkinje fibers across lumen of right ventricle

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8
Q

Papillary mm

A

conical-shaped muscular projections that give rise to chordae tendinae

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9
Q

Chordae tendinae

A

prevent eversion of the A-V valves (“parachute cords”)

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10
Q

Systole

A

cardiac contraction

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11
Q

diastole

A

cardiac relaxation

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12
Q

S1 “Lub”

A

Closure of AV valves

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13
Q

S2 “Dub”

A

Closure of Semilunar valves

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14
Q

What causes a murmur?

A

-leaky valves -narrow valves Due to the valves either remaining open when they should be closed (“leaky”) or not opening fully (“narrow”) , there is an aubile turbulent blood flow

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15
Q

Best location to hear Pulmonary valve

A

low in left 3rd intercostal

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16
Q

Best location to hear aortic valve

A

high in left 4th intercostal

17
Q

Best location to hear left A-V valve

A

low in left 5th intercostal

18
Q

Best location to hear right A-V valve

A

low in right 4th-5th intercostal

19
Q

Blood Flow through heart

A

Venous Return (CrVC, CdVC, Coronary Sinus) -> Right Atrium -> Right A-V orifice -> right ventricle -> pulmonary trunk orifice -> pulmonary trunk -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> left a-v orifice -> left ventricle -> aortic orifice -> ascending aorta

20
Q

How is lymph returned to the venous system?

A

-Thoracic Duct - Right Lymphatic Duct

21
Q

Where does the Thoracic Duct empty back into the venous system? Where is it getting lymph from?

A

-Empties near left venous angle -Receives lymph from 3/4 of body

22
Q

Where does the Right Lymphatic Duct empty back into the venous system? Where is it getting lymph from?

A
  • Empties near right venous angle - Receives lumph from right half of head, neck, right thoracic limb, and right shoulder
23
Q

Why is it necessary for fetal circulation to differ from adult circulation?

A
  1. Lungs are shrunken, nonfunctional, and present a considerable resistance to blood flow 2. Oxygenation (and nutrient-waste exchange) occurs in the placenta
24
Q

Umbilical Arteries (pair)

A

-originate internal iliac aa. -carry fetal blood out through umbilical cord to placenta for nutrient-waste exchange

25
Q

Umbilical Vein

A

-returns fetal blood from placenta to fetus - runs through umbilical cord to liver and continues through liver as a channel, the ductus venosus

26
Q

Foramen ovale

A

-passage through interatrial septum -allows some blood to bypass lungs by flowing directly from right atrium to left atrium

27
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

-vascular connection between pulmonary trunk and aorta -allows most of blood from right ventricle to bypass nonfunctional lungs and pass directly into aorta

28
Q

Changes in blood flow at birth

A
  1. lungs inflate resulting in decreased pulmonary resistance and increased pulmonary blood flow 2. increased [O2] causes smooth muscle contraction in the wall of the umbilical arteries, umbilical vein, ductus venosus, and ductus ateriosus
29
Q

Ductus arteriosus becomes __________ after birth

A

ligamentum arteriosum

30
Q

Foramen ovale becomes ___________ after birth

A

fossa ovalis

31
Q

Ductus venosus becomes __________ after birth

A

ligamentum venosum

32
Q

Umbilical vein becomes ____________ after birth

A

round ligament of liver

33
Q

Umbilical arteries become _________ after birth

A

round ligament of urinary bladder

34
Q

What are “P.M.I.’s”?

A

-Points of Maximal Intensity - These are the spots where the 4 heart valves are best heard through the thoracic wall

Gross Anatomy 1 (20 decks)

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