Cardiovascular Flashcards
Pulmonary Circulation
-lower pressure -from heart to lungs and back to the heart
Systemic Circulation
-higher pressure -distributed from heart throughout body and back to the heart
Arteries carry blood…
AWAY from heart
Veins carry blood…
TOWARD heart
What is special about portal systems? Give examples.
Blood flows through 2 capillary beds before returning to heart. Ex - - Hepatic Portal System - Hypothalamico-hypophyseal Portal system
Location of the Heart
-Roughly from 3rd to 6th intercostal space -Will vary slightly for swallow, normal, or deep chested dogs
Where is the trabecula septomarginalis? What does it do?
Location: Right ventricle Conducts Purkinje fibers across lumen of right ventricle
Papillary mm
conical-shaped muscular projections that give rise to chordae tendinae
Chordae tendinae
prevent eversion of the A-V valves (“parachute cords”)
Systole
cardiac contraction
diastole
cardiac relaxation
S1 “Lub”
Closure of AV valves
S2 “Dub”
Closure of Semilunar valves
What causes a murmur?
-leaky valves -narrow valves Due to the valves either remaining open when they should be closed (“leaky”) or not opening fully (“narrow”) , there is an aubile turbulent blood flow
Best location to hear Pulmonary valve
low in left 3rd intercostal
Best location to hear aortic valve
high in left 4th intercostal
Best location to hear left A-V valve
low in left 5th intercostal
Best location to hear right A-V valve
low in right 4th-5th intercostal
Blood Flow through heart
Venous Return (CrVC, CdVC, Coronary Sinus) -> Right Atrium -> Right A-V orifice -> right ventricle -> pulmonary trunk orifice -> pulmonary trunk -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> left a-v orifice -> left ventricle -> aortic orifice -> ascending aorta
How is lymph returned to the venous system?
-Thoracic Duct - Right Lymphatic Duct
Where does the Thoracic Duct empty back into the venous system? Where is it getting lymph from?
-Empties near left venous angle -Receives lymph from 3/4 of body
Where does the Right Lymphatic Duct empty back into the venous system? Where is it getting lymph from?
- Empties near right venous angle - Receives lumph from right half of head, neck, right thoracic limb, and right shoulder
Why is it necessary for fetal circulation to differ from adult circulation?
- Lungs are shrunken, nonfunctional, and present a considerable resistance to blood flow 2. Oxygenation (and nutrient-waste exchange) occurs in the placenta
Umbilical Arteries (pair)
-originate internal iliac aa. -carry fetal blood out through umbilical cord to placenta for nutrient-waste exchange
