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Gross Anatomy 1 > Urogenital I > Flashcards

Urogenital I Flashcards

1
Q

Urinary System

A
  • lies in the abdominal and pelvic cavities
  • anatomically linked with genital system = urogenital
  • shares urethra which runs through the penis of the male and joinsthe vagina of the female
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2
Q

Parts of the Urinary System

A
  • pair of kidneys
  • pair of ureters
  • bladder
  • urethra
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3
Q

Function of Kidneys

A
  • form urine from the blood
  • endocrine glands
  • renin-regulates blood pressure
  • erythropoietin - increases rate of production of RBCs in bone marrow
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4
Q

Location of Kidneys

A
  • found pressed against abdominal roof in the lumbar region
  • right and left of the median plane
  • retroperitoneal = “behind peritoneum”
  • only ventral surface of kidney is covered by parietal peritoneum
  • right kidney is less variable in position than left kidney
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5
Q

Location of Right Kidney versus Left Kidney

A

Right Kidney

  • more cranial than the left by about half a kidney-length
  • extends from T13/L1 to L3

Left Kidney
-extends from L2 to L4

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6
Q

Renal Hilus

A
  • Indented medial border of the kidney is called hilus

- renal blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, and the ureter enter kidney here

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7
Q

Renal Sinus

A
  • hilus leads into a recess called renal sinus

- contains renal pelvis, fat, and proximal branches of renal vessels and nerves

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8
Q

Renal Pelvis

A
  • funnel shaped dilatation of ureter
  • located inside the renal sinus
  • receives urine from the papillary ducts and passes it into the ureter
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9
Q

Pelvic Recess

A
  • curved diverticula of the renal pelvis
  • project into parachyma between renal pyramids
  • 5-6 recesses from each border of pelvis
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10
Q

Fibrous Capsule

A
  • covers surface of kidney
  • made of collagen (mostly) and elastic (few) fibers = CANNOT swell as well as other organs if the internal pressure rises
  • loosely connected to kidney by loose c.t. = easily stripped from a healthy kidney
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11
Q

Renal Cortex

A
  • inside of fibrous capsule
  • outer portion of the renal parenchyma
  • granular appearance - renal corpuscles
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12
Q

Renal Medulla

A
  • inner portion of the renal parenchyma

- striated appearance - medullary rays

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13
Q

Renal Crest

A
  • free edge of medulla facing the pelvis
  • formed by the fusion of renal papillae
  • papillary ducts open on the border of the renal crest facing pelvis
  • openings of papillary ducts are called papillary foramina
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14
Q

Renal Papillae

A
  • apex of renal pyramid

- seen in paramedian sections

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15
Q

Renal Pyramid

A
  • pyramid shaped medullary substance
  • represents the lobes of kidneys
  • seen in paramedian sections
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16
Q

T/F: Both kidneys are palpable through the abdominal wall.

A

True

17
Q

Ureters

A
  • narrow muscular tube
  • carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
  • length of the ureter depends on the size of the animal
18
Q

Parts of the Ureters

A

Abdominal Part
-begins at renal pelvis, runs caudally broadly following a sagittal course

Pelvic Part

  • on reaching the pelvic caivty, ureter bends medially to enter the genital fold in the male or the broad ligament in the female
  • opens over the dorsal surface of the neck of the bladder
19
Q

Ureters entrance into the Bladder

A
  • ureter penetrates the bladder wall obliquely
  • prevents reflux of urine into ureter when intravesical pressure rises
  • doesn’t prevent further filling of bladder b/c resistance is overcome by peristaltic contractions of ureteric wall
20
Q

Urinary Bladder

A

-distensible urine storage organ

Parts

  • apex = cranial blind end of the bladder; has scar tissue, which is a remnant of urachus (connects the primitive bladder to allantoic sac in fetus)
  • body = middle part
  • neck = narrow caudal part leading into the urethra

NOT covered by greater omentum - in direct contact with abdominal wall

21
Q

Classification of Epithelium in Urinary Bladder

A

Transitional Epithelium

22
Q

Name of Epithelium in Urinary Bladder

A

Urothelium

23
Q

Structures of the Bladder

A
  • apex = scar tissue
  • lumen of the bladder
  • ureters
  • trigone of the bladder
  • urethral crest
  • urethra
24
Q

Lateral Ligaments of the Bladder

A
  • two of them
  • connects lateral surface of bladder to pelvic wall
  • free edge of ligament is called the round ligament of the bladder
25
Q

Median Ligament of the Bladder

A
  • connects ventral surface of the bladder to pelvic symphysis and linea alba
  • in fetus = contains the urachus and umbilical arteries, which along with umbilical vein (free edge of falciform ligament) form the umbilical cord
26
Q

Male Genital Organs

A
  • scrotum
  • testes
  • epididymis
  • ductus deferens
  • spermatic cord
  • accessory sex glands
  • urethra
  • penis
  • blood supply
27
Q

Urachus

A

connects the primitive bladder to allantoic sac in fetus

Gross Anatomy 1 (20 decks)

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