Urogenital I Flashcards
Urinary System
- lies in the abdominal and pelvic cavities
- anatomically linked with genital system = urogenital
- shares urethra which runs through the penis of the male and joinsthe vagina of the female
Parts of the Urinary System
- pair of kidneys
- pair of ureters
- bladder
- urethra
Function of Kidneys
- form urine from the blood
- endocrine glands
- renin-regulates blood pressure
- erythropoietin - increases rate of production of RBCs in bone marrow
Location of Kidneys
- found pressed against abdominal roof in the lumbar region
- right and left of the median plane
- retroperitoneal = “behind peritoneum”
- only ventral surface of kidney is covered by parietal peritoneum
- right kidney is less variable in position than left kidney
Location of Right Kidney versus Left Kidney
Right Kidney
- more cranial than the left by about half a kidney-length
- extends from T13/L1 to L3
Left Kidney
-extends from L2 to L4
Renal Hilus
- Indented medial border of the kidney is called hilus
- renal blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, and the ureter enter kidney here
Renal Sinus
- hilus leads into a recess called renal sinus
- contains renal pelvis, fat, and proximal branches of renal vessels and nerves
Renal Pelvis
- funnel shaped dilatation of ureter
- located inside the renal sinus
- receives urine from the papillary ducts and passes it into the ureter
Pelvic Recess
- curved diverticula of the renal pelvis
- project into parachyma between renal pyramids
- 5-6 recesses from each border of pelvis
Fibrous Capsule
- covers surface of kidney
- made of collagen (mostly) and elastic (few) fibers = CANNOT swell as well as other organs if the internal pressure rises
- loosely connected to kidney by loose c.t. = easily stripped from a healthy kidney
Renal Cortex
- inside of fibrous capsule
- outer portion of the renal parenchyma
- granular appearance - renal corpuscles
Renal Medulla
- inner portion of the renal parenchyma
- striated appearance - medullary rays
Renal Crest
- free edge of medulla facing the pelvis
- formed by the fusion of renal papillae
- papillary ducts open on the border of the renal crest facing pelvis
- openings of papillary ducts are called papillary foramina
Renal Papillae
- apex of renal pyramid
- seen in paramedian sections
Renal Pyramid
- pyramid shaped medullary substance
- represents the lobes of kidneys
- seen in paramedian sections
T/F: Both kidneys are palpable through the abdominal wall.
True
Ureters
- narrow muscular tube
- carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
- length of the ureter depends on the size of the animal
Parts of the Ureters
Abdominal Part
-begins at renal pelvis, runs caudally broadly following a sagittal course
Pelvic Part
- on reaching the pelvic caivty, ureter bends medially to enter the genital fold in the male or the broad ligament in the female
- opens over the dorsal surface of the neck of the bladder
Ureters entrance into the Bladder
- ureter penetrates the bladder wall obliquely
- prevents reflux of urine into ureter when intravesical pressure rises
- doesn’t prevent further filling of bladder b/c resistance is overcome by peristaltic contractions of ureteric wall
Urinary Bladder
-distensible urine storage organ
Parts
- apex = cranial blind end of the bladder; has scar tissue, which is a remnant of urachus (connects the primitive bladder to allantoic sac in fetus)
- body = middle part
- neck = narrow caudal part leading into the urethra
NOT covered by greater omentum - in direct contact with abdominal wall
Classification of Epithelium in Urinary Bladder
Transitional Epithelium
Name of Epithelium in Urinary Bladder
Urothelium
Structures of the Bladder
- apex = scar tissue
- lumen of the bladder
- ureters
- trigone of the bladder
- urethral crest
- urethra
Lateral Ligaments of the Bladder
- two of them
- connects lateral surface of bladder to pelvic wall
- free edge of ligament is called the round ligament of the bladder
