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Gross Anatomy 1 > Abdominal Cavity Part 1 > Flashcards

Abdominal Cavity Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Inguinal Canal

A
  • passageway for the descent of testis and spermatic cord in the male and the vaginal process in the female
  • extends from superficial inguinal ring to deep inguinal ring
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2
Q

Superficial inguinal ring

A

slit-like opening into the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

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3
Q

deep inguinal ring

A

-triangular opening

cranial border: internal abdominal oblique (caudal border)

medial border: rectus abdominis (lateral border)

caudal border: inguinal ligament (caudal end of the external abdominal oblique)

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4
Q

What is contained in the inguinal canal?

A
  • spermatic cord or vaginal process
  • external cremaster muscle
  • external pudendal artery and vein
  • genitofemoral nerve
  • efferent duct of the superficial inguinal lymph node
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5
Q

4 Abdominal Quadrants

A
  • right cranial quadrant
  • left cranial quadrant
  • right caudal quadrant
  • left caudal quadrant
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6
Q

Borders of the Abdominal Cavity

A
  • Diaphragm - cranially, -bilaterally
  • Lumbar vertebrae, sublumbar muscles - dorsally
  • abdominal muscles (EAO, IAO, TA) -bilaterally
  • rectus abdominis m., rectus sheath and the linea albe - ventrally
  • pelvic inlet -caudally continuous with the pelvic limb
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7
Q

Contents of the Abdominal Cavity

A
  • Stomach through the descending colon
  • liver
  • pancreas
  • spleen
  • kidneys
  • female reproductive tract
  • nerve plexus
  • vessels
  • lymph nodes
  • omental structures
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8
Q

linea alba

A
  • midventral raphe (groove, ridge, or seam in an organ or tissue)
  • formed by the aponeurotic insertions of the abdominal muscles
  • origin: xiphoid cartilage
  • blends with prepubic tendon
  • insertion: pelvic symphysis
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9
Q

layers of the linea albe

A

Aponeurosis of:

  • EAO m.
  • IAO m.
  • TA m.
  • Transverse fascia
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10
Q

rectus sheath

A
  • sleeve of fascia which surrounds the rectus abdominis muscle
  • dervied from aponeurotic tendons of other abdominal muscles
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11
Q

T/F: The rectus abdominis m. itself can be sutured.

A

False.

The rectus abdominis m. should not be sutured itself as it does not hold sutures

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12
Q

peritoneum

A
  • largest and most complex arranged serous membrane in the body
  • male - closed sac
  • female - opens into peritoneal cavity, via the ovarian bursa by the free end of the uterine tubees (abdominal ostium)
  • reduces friction between parts
  • underlined by the transverse fascia
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13
Q

Parts of the Peritoneum

A
  • parietal peritoneum
  • visceral peritoneum
  • peritoneal cavity in-between
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14
Q

Parietal Peritoneum

A

Lines:

  • abdominal wall
  • cranial portion of pelvic cavity
  • scrotal cavity and vaginal process

Forms:

  • parietal vaginal tunics of spermatic cord and vaginal process
  • vaginal rings = peritoneal cavity continuous w/ cavity of vaginal tunic
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15
Q

Visceral Peritoneum

A

Covers the organs in the abdominal cavity and in the cranial portion of the pelvic cavity

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16
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A
  • potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum
  • contains small amounts of serous fluid
  • DOES NOT CONTAIN ORGANS!
  • Ova ovulate into the peritoneal cavity
17
Q

parts of the peritoneal cavity

A
  • greater sac (main region)
  • lesser sac (omental bursa)
  • epiploic foramen = communications between the 2 sacs
18
Q

Pelvic Peritoneal Pouches

A
  • Pararectal fossa
  • Rectogenital pouch
  • Vesicogenital pouch
  • Pubovesical pouch
19
Q

Location of the pararectal fossa?

A

each side of the mesorectum

20
Q

Location of the rectogenital pouch?

A

Female

  • rectum dorsally
  • cranial part of the vagina ventrally

Male

  • rectum dorsally
  • genital fold ventrally
21
Q

Location of vesicogenital pouch?

A

Female

  • cranial part of vagina dorsally
  • bladder and its lateral ligament ventrally

Male

  • genital fold dorsally
  • bladder and its lateral ligament ventrally
22
Q

Location of the pubovesical pouch?

A

between floor of pelvis and bladder

23
Q

Mesentery

A
  • double layer of peritoneum
  • suspends most of the freely movable abdominal organs to body walls
  • supplies route for blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
  • many cases contains lymph nodes
24
Q

Parts of Mesentery

A
  • dorsal mesentery

- ventral mesentery

25
Q

Roots of the mesentery

A
  • attached to dorsal abdominal wall (L1-L2)
  • cranial mesenteric artery
  • lymphatics
  • mesenteric nerve plexus
26
Q

Dorsal Mesentery

A
  • suspend most of the freely movable abdominal organs
  • divided into almost the same number of segments as GI tract
  • greater omentum
  • mesoduodenum (also contains right lobe of pancreas)
  • mesojejunum
  • mesoileum
  • mesocolon
  • mesorectum
27
Q

In the embryo, what is the greater omentum?

A

dorsal mesogastrium

28
Q

What two parts of the dorsal mesentery make up the great mesentery?

A

mesojejunum and mesoileum

29
Q

What is the great mesentery continuous with?

A
  • cranially w/ deep leaf of greater omentum

- caudally w/ descending mesocolon

30
Q

Ventral Mesentery

A
  • mainly derived from ventral mesogastrium
  • lesser omentum
  • falciform ligament (embryo - umbilical vein)
  • median ligament of the urinary bladder (embryo - urachus)
  • antimesenteric folds or ligements (ex-ileocecal fold)
31
Q

Omentum (epiploon)

omenta - plural

A
  • fold of peritoneum passing from the stomach to:
  • dorsal abdominal wall
  • visceral surface of liver
  • cranial part of duodenum to visceral surface of liver
  • 2 parts = greater and lesser omentum
32
Q

Greater omentum

A
  • areolar, four-layer peritoneal fold
  • derived from dorsal mesogastrium
  • extends from greater curvature of stomach to dorsal abdominal wall
  • superficial leaf
  • deep leaf
  • omental bursa
33
Q

superficial leaf of greater omentum

A
  • double layered (not able to grossly separate)
  • contains the spleen
  • gastrosplenic ligament = subdivision of the superficial leaf
34
Q

deep leaf of greater omentum

A
  • double layered

- contains left lobe of pancreas

35
Q

omental bursa of greater omentum

A
  • between superficial and deep leaf

- stomach, liver, pancreas, greater and lesser omentum form the walls

36
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

-derived from the ventral mesogastrium
-passing from the lesser curvature of the stomach and cranial part of duodenum to the viisceral surface of the liver
-lays over the papillary process of the caudate lobe of the liver
-Parts
*hepatogastric ligament = main portion
*hepatoduodenal ligament = smaller portion
~continuous/contiguous wit mesoduodenum
~bile duct separates the hepatoduodenal lig. and the mesoduodenum

37
Q

Epiploic Foramen

A
  • AKA Foraman of Winslow

- short (about 3cm), ventrally flattened passage, which leads from omental bursa to the peritoneal cavity

38
Q

Borders of the Epiploic Foramen

A
  • caudal vena cava - dorsal boundary
  • portal vein - ventral boundary
  • caudate process of the liver - lateral boundary
39
Q

Clinic relevance of the epiploic foramen?

A

most common site of the extrahepatic portosystemic shunts

Gross Anatomy 1 (20 decks)

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