Urogenital Embryology

Question 1

urinary and genital systems develop primarily from

Answer 1

MESODERM

Question 2

____ starts to develop but almost immediately degenerates

Answer 2

PRONEPHROS

Question 3

____ includes the mesonephric duct (Wolffian Duct) a drainage tube, and mesonephric tubules. The duct fuses with a cloaca region of the hindgut
gives rise to male internal genitalia and ejaculatory ducts
degenerates in women

Answer 3

Mesonephros

Question 4

(permanent kidney) – forms most of the urinary system
develops its duct system from a ureteric bud from mesonephric duct
metanephric blastema forms NEPHRONS

Answer 4

METANEPHROS

Question 5

this forms the nephrons

Answer 5

metaNEPHRIC blastema

Question 6

this forms the collecting system

Answer 6

URETERic bud

Question 7

failure of ureteric bud to form

Answer 7

Renal Agenesis

Question 8

nephrons failing to fuse with collecting ducts can result in dysplasia of ducts surrounded by fluid filled cysts instead of nephrons

Answer 8

Congenital Polycystic Kidney

Question 9

oligohydramnios

Answer 9

decrease in amniotic fluid

Question 10

physical appearance of neotate as a direct result from oligohydramnios and compression while in utero. Flattened face, limb abnormalities and poorly developed lungs

Answer 10

Potters Syndrome

Question 11

caused by fusion of both developing kidneys. Fused kidney fails to ascend because it gets stuck under the inferior mesenteric artery

Answer 11

Horseshoe Shaped Kidney

Question 12

The cloaca = dilated terminal portion of hindgut becomes divided by urorectal septum into:

Answer 12

Anorectal Canal and Urogenital Sinus

Question 13

outgrowth of urogenital sinus into the forming umbilical cord =

Answer 13

Allantois – has no function in humans
its remnants form a ligament that connects bladder to umbilicus

Question 14

Week 6 = ____ Stage
male (mesonephric) and female (paramesonephric) ducts COEXIST in ALL embryos during this stage

Answer 14

INDIFFERENT

Question 15

Week 8 = ____ in boys
presence of SRY gene on Y chromosome encodes for testes determining factor – BOY
Cord Cells –> sertoli cells
cords –> seminiferous cells

Answer 15

Differentiation

Question 16

At 4 months, the mesenchyme in boys becomes
Sertoli cells secrete ____

Answer 16

Leydig cells which secrete testosterone
They secrete Anti Mullerian tubule hormone

Question 17

In FEMALES at week 8, what happens to the mesonephric duct and tubules
epithelial cord cells

Answer 17

DEGENERATE
and cord cells form follicle cells

Question 18

At 4 months, in FEMALES, the mesenchyme becomes

Answer 18

THECA CELLS