25 Respiratory Flashcards
ENTRANCE of nasal cavities which is lined with STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS KERATINIZED (skin) and then eventually is non-keratinized (inner regions)
Nasal Vestibule
this type of mucosa is PSEUDOSTRATIFIED Cilated epithelium with goblet cells and ciliated cells
RESPIRATORY Mucosa
this type of mucosa is apart of the roof of superior conchae
specialized pseudostratified epithelium and bipolar neurons
NONMOTILE CILIA
has bowmans glands = secreting serous fluid to flush and moisturize epithelium
Fila Olfactoria
OLFACTORY MUCOSA
this is a cilia propelled mucocilary blanket towards the pharynx where secretions are swallowed or expectorated as sputum
MUCOCILIARY ESCALATOR
olfactory receptor cells are also known as
BIPOLAR NEURONS
unlike the respiratory system, the OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM has NO
GOBLET CELLS or MOTILE CILIA
this serous gland produces a constant flow of fluid that cleanses the surface
BOWMANS glands
The nasopharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi are LINED by
RESPIRATORY MUCOSA
The larynx contains
vocal cords which are lined by NON keratinzed stratified squamous
Whats the difference between trachea and bronchi regarding the cartilage rings
Trachea – c shaped hyaline cartilage rings
Bronchi – INCOMPLETE cartilage rings and plates ISOLATED PIECES
The bronchioles are lined by
simple columnar and cuboidal epithelium
these cells have a NON-CILIATED DOME SHAPED SURFACE
function as STEM CELLS – add proteins to surfactant and metabolize some toxins
these cells are UNIQUE TO BROCHIOLES
CLUB (CLARA) cells
Type 1 ALVEOLAR cells are identified as
Make up the epithelium if ALVEOLI
THIN SIMPLE SQUAMOUS cells
TYPE 2 AVEOLAR CELLS are identified as
PLUMP CUBIODAL CELLS which secretes surgactant (phospholipids)
RESPIRATORY AIRWAY flow =
RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLE –> ALVEOLAR DUCT –> ALVEOLAR SAC
Air/Blood Barrier means O2 from Air INTO blood
Flow Chart
surfactant –> type 1 cell –> fused basal lamina –> endothelial cell –> blood plasma –> erythrocyte cell membrane
Blood/Air Barrie (CO2 FROM blood to AIR)
erthrocyte cell membrane –> blood plasma –> endothelial cells –> fused basal lamina –> type 1 cell –> surfactant
moist oily film that coats surgace of alveoli and lowers surface tension – reducing force needed to expand the alveoli during inspiration and preventing their collapse after expiration
MADE OF phospholipiids with a small number of proteins
SURFACTANT
The absence or deficiency of SURFACTANT results in and this is usually due to a lack of
COLLAPSE of ALVEOLI and BRONCHIOLES usually due to a lack of development of type 2 cells
The primitive alveoli appear during week __ of development
weeks 28, but 95% development occurs after birth up to 8 years
inflammation of bronchial mucosa, excessive mucus – thicker wall
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
permanent enlargement of alveolar air spaces
EMPHYSEMA
two main disease entities of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema
inflammatory disease with sudden reversible bronchospasm of smooth muscles in bronchioles and bronchi
ASTHMA
this is a highly aggressive cancer derived from neuroendocrine cells in bronchi
SMALL CELL LUNG CARCINOMA
this non small cell carcinoma has VARIABLE appearance but can grow in a GLANDULAR PATTERN along bronchioles
ADENOCARCINOMA –
This non small cell carcinoma is usually by squamous cell metaplasia
continued exposure to toxins can lead to progression of dysplasia to squamous cell carcinoma in situ then to invasive
SQUAMOUS CELL CARINOMA
