32/33 Female Repro

Question 1

This layer of the ovary has follicles and is highly cellularized. May also contain a corpus luteum, corpus albicans and atretic follicles

Answer 1

CORTEX

Question 2

these cells arise in yolk sacs, migrate to ovary in embryo

Answer 2

Primordial Germ cells

Question 3

After primordial germ cells, this forms = 2N DNA, it multiples in ovary and becomes an oocyte

Answer 3

OOGONIA

Question 4

4n DNA and becomes arrested in PROPHASE 1, stays in ovary until puberty

Answer 4

Primary Oocytes

Question 5

2N DNA, expelled when ovulated, arrested in metaphase 2
if fertilized it will undergo metaphase 2

Answer 5

Secondary Oocyte

Question 6

1N DNA, Haploid

Answer 6

Mature Ovum

Question 7

non viable daughter cells, contains DNA with minimal cytoplasm, they DIE.
All the cytoplasm goes to one big FAT OVUM

Answer 7

POLAR BODIES

Question 8

Primary Oocyte + Surrounding Follicles Cells =

Answer 8

PRIMORDIAL Follicle

Question 9

Only follicle to exist in ovary until puberty made up of simple squamous cells

Answer 9

PRIMORDIAL follicle

Question 10

These follicles have a single layer of cuboidal cells

Answer 10

Primary Follicle

Question 11

multilayered follicle cells –> granulosum cells
Zona Pellucida formed – important role in fertilization
Theca layers

Answer 11

Growing/Multilamella Follicle

Question 12

These follicles contain fluid filled spaces = antrum in the granulosum layer

Answer 12

Antral/Secondary EARLY follicle

Question 13

fluid filled spaces become ONE ANTRUM

Answer 13

Secondary LATE follicle

Question 14

enormous, undergoes first meiotic division and secondary oocyte gets expelled at ovulation

Answer 14

Graafian Follicle

Question 15

remnants of ruptured graafian follicle collapse and become converted into a temporary endocrine organ

• secretes progesterone/estrogen

round euchromatic nuuclie and acidophilic vaculoated cytoplasm

Answer 15

CORPUS LUTEUM

Question 16

When corpus LUTEUM degenerates due to not being implanted it gets replaced by a connective tissue scar

Answer 16

CORPUS ALBICANS

Question 17

only one follicle reaches GRAAFIAN stage, while the rest become degenerate

Answer 17

ATRETIC FOLLICLES

Question 18

ovaries are enlarged 2X with many follicular cysts, The tunica albuginea is thickened and the theca = hyperplastic

Answer 18

POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME

Question 19

Most malignant ovarian cancers are derived from

Answer 19

SURFACE GERMINAL EPITHELIUM

Question 20

Most common ovarian neoplasm

Answer 20

HIGH GRADE SEROUS NEOPLASM

Question 21

funnel shaped end. opens into peritoneal cavity – has fingerlike projections that collect eggs from the ovary

Answer 21

Infundibulum Fimbria

Question 22

middle enlarged Dilated portion, common site of fertilization, with complex folds of tubal mucosa contains ciliated cells and non-ciliated secretory peg cells

Answer 22

Ampulla

Question 23

narrow segment of oviduct

Answer 23

Isthmus

Question 24

pelvic inflammatory disease

Answer 24

inflammation – salpingitis

Question 25

ectopic edometrial tissue growing in the uterine tube

Answer 25

endometriosis

Question 26

serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma are most commonly found in ___ and ____

Answer 26

infundibulum and fimbria

Question 27

most common site of ectopic implantation and results in

Answer 27

ectopic pregnancy -- tubal rupture with hemorrhage

Question 28

The uterus is divided into:

Answer 28

endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium

Question 29

endometrium is divided into

Answer 29

stratum basalis and stratum functionalis

Question 30

this layer is supplied by SPIRAL arteries, sloughs(Sheds) at menstruation

Answer 30

Stratum Functionalis

Question 31

this layer is supplied by STRAIGHT arteries, source of proliferative stage -- relatively insensitive to hormones, gland, stromal and enothelial cells multiply here

Answer 31

Stratum BASALIS

Question 32

this part of the uterus is made up of many layers of intertwined smooth muscle

Answer 32

Myometrium

Question 33

this part of the uterus is made up of the serosa, simple sqamous epithelia -- supported by CT

Answer 33

Perimetrium

Question 34

this stage is ESTROGEN based = follicular days 5-14 estrogen stimulates gland cells --> repopulate functionalis surface ARTERIES = STRAIGHT

Answer 34

PROLIFERATIVE PHASE

Question 35

this stage is PROGESTERONE DRIVEN from corpus luteum = luteal days 14-26 glands are tortous and enlargeed SPIRAL arteries are LONG/COILED

Answer 35

SECRETORY STAGE

Question 36

ischemic stage corpus luteum degenerates, progesterone decreases and spiral arteries constrict/rupture

Answer 36

Menstrual Stage

Question 37

these are common benign tumors derived from smooth muscle in the myometrium -- often appear as multiple well defined white, whorled masses

Answer 37

LEIOMYOMA (FIBROIDS)

Question 38

this condition is defined by the presence of endometrial glands/stroma in locations outside the uterus -- ovary, uterine tube, surfaces in peritoneal cavity (bladder and bowel) abnormal tissue contains blood filled cysts from the "cyclical" bleeding

Answer 38

ENDOMETRIOSIS

Question 39

in this condition, the endometrial glands undergo hyperplasia

Answer 39

endometrial hyperplasia

Question 40

mucosa of CERVIX is divided into

Answer 40

endocervix and exocervix

Question 41

this portion of cervix is lined by simple COLUMNAR epithelium with mucous flands and closest to uterus proper

Answer 41

ENDOCERVIX

Question 42

this portion is lined by stratified squamous epithelia and closest to vagina

Answer 42

EXOCERVIX

Question 43

the junction between the two types of mucosa of cervix =

Answer 43

SQUAMOCOLUMNAR junction (SCJ)

Question 44

most cervical carcinomas orginate from where

Answer 44

TRANSFORMATION ZONE

Question 45

functional unit of the mammary gland =

Answer 45

Terminal Duct Lobular Unit

Question 46

at puberty, duct cells replicate giving rise to small terminal ductules with blind endings -- dense connective tissue and adipose cells increase in stroma

Answer 46

INACTIVE or RESTING ADULT MAMMARY

Question 47

ducts proliferate, production of milk from secretory units of gland

Answer 47

ACTIVE MAMMARY GLAND -- late pregnancy and lactation

Question 48

most breast carcinomas are derived from cells where

Answer 48

terminal duct lobular unit

Question 49

malignant proliferation of cells in ductules with no invasion of the basement membrane

Answer 49

Ductal Carcinoma in Situ

Question 50

80% of invasive carcinomas of the breast, usually grows in duct like patterns

Answer 50

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma