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Histo Final > 17/18 > Flashcards

17/18 Flashcards

1
Q

these ducts are teeny, tiny lined with clear simple cuboidal or squamous cells which add HCO3- ions to secretion

A

INTERCALATED DUCT

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2
Q

this duct is lined by acidophilic simple columnar epithelial cells with basal striations, the nuclei are pushed towards the lumen, and these cells are active in ION TRANSPORT, reabsorption of sodium and addition of potassium to secretion

A

STRIATED Secretory Ducts

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3
Q

These ducts are found in ALL glands, lined by simple columbar to straified squamous epitheliem, and the main duct empties into oral cavity

A

EXCRETORY Duct

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4
Q

Which duct is exclusively found in salivary glands

A

STRIATED ducts

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5
Q

This gland is made up of Purely Serous glands with many intercalated and striated ducts

A

PAROTID Gland

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6
Q

This gland is made of MOSTLY SEROUS glands and some mucous, with many intercalated and striated ducts

A

SUBMANDIBULAR Gland

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7
Q

This gland is made of Little Serous Glands and MOSTLY MUCOUS with NO INTERCALATED and few striated ducts

A

SUBLINGUAL GLANDS

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8
Q

Pancreas is made up of two glands

A

EXCORINE and ENDOCRINE gland

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9
Q

The pancreas exocrine gland is mainly a _____ gland

A

SEROUS gland made up of serous cells and intercalated and excretory ducts

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10
Q

The pancreas endocrine gland is also known as made up of four types of cells

A

ISLET of LANGERHANS = islands of light staining cells
Beta, Alpha, Delta and PP cells

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11
Q

this is a common disease in alcoholics, proenzymes are activated within the pancreas leading to digestion of pancreatic tissue and hemorrhage

** AUTO DIGESTION – ALCOHOLICS

Pathology of Exocrine Pancreas

A

ACUTE NECROTIZING PANCREATITIS

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12
Q

4th leading cause of cancer death, aggressive cancer of pancreatic glandular tissue

A

PANCREATIC CARCINOMA

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13
Q

autoimmune destruction of beta cells –> complete loss of insulin

pathology of endocrine pancreas

A

TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS, juvenile onset

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14
Q

This organs 3 main functions:
Exocrine – secretion of BILE into ducts –> duodendum
Modification and Filtration of Blood
Hematopoiesis in the embryo

A

LIVER = BIG GLAND

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15
Q

Liver structure is made up of

A

LOBULES = hexagonal shape formed by 6 portal triads at each corner and a central vein in the middle

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16
Q

Portal Triads consist of

A

Hepatic Artery, Hepatic Portal Vein and Bile Duct

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17
Q

These capillaries run throughout the liver lobules between heptocytes from portal triad to central vein
They are lined by endothelial and KUPFER cells

A

SINUSOIDAL CAPILLARIES

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18
Q

The venous portal system FLOW consists of

A

Capillaries –> vein (hepatic portal) –> sinusoidal capillaries

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19
Q

Blood Flow in liver=

A

Hepatic A and Portal Vein of Triad –> Sinusoids –> central vein __> Hepatic Vein –> vena cava back to heart

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20
Q

Bile flow in liver

A

secreted out from Hepatocytes into canaliculi channels bewteen cells –> bile ductules –> bile ducts –> hepatic duct

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21
Q

the functional cell of the liver, which is acidophilic and cuboidal epithelial cell with euchromatic nuclei and can divide if stimulated

A

HEPATOCYTES

22
Q

These capillaries of the liver are discontinuous with FENESTRATIONS in the endothelial cells and these are also lined by KUPPER Cells unlike in other organs

A

SINUSOID CAPILLARIES

23
Q

This space is between hepatocytes and sinusoids and stellate cells are hidden here.

A

PERISINUSOIDAL SPACE – space of disse

24
Q

these cells are hidden in the sinusodial space and STORE VITAMIN A in lipid droplets, in times of inflammation they can differentiate into myofibroblasts to secrete collage into the perisinusoidal space resulting in liver scarring

A

STELLATE Cells

25
Q

This type of liver lobule emphasizes blood flow to central vein

A

CLASSIC LOBULE

26
Q

This type of liver lobule emphaszies blood supply, zone 1 has the best supply while 3 is the poorest perfusion of blood

A

ACINAR LOBULE – LIVER ACINUS

27
Q

This liver lobule emphasizes bile secretion with the bile duct in the center

A

PORTAL lobule

28
Q

Congestive Heart Failure is due to which side heart failure which leads to a backup of what through the liver

A

RIGHT SIDE HEART FAILURE which leads to a BACKUP of bloodflow in the liver

29
Q

Chronic damage of liver charactereized by widespread CT scarring (fibrosis) is what disease? and is commonly caused by

A

CIRRHOSIS
caused by alcohol abuse and chronic hepatitis

30
Q

Persistent chronic heart failure can result in – impeding venous outflow
Continuous distension and hemmorage occur in lobules, cells near central vein die and CENTRILOBULAR NECROSIS becomes present

A

Chronic Passive Venous Congestion (Nutmeg Liver)

31
Q

This organ stores and concentrates bile, eventually releasing it into the duodendum

A

GALLBLADDER

32
Q

The structure of the gallbladder is a sac of simple columnar epithelium and small bundles of smooth muscle – THEY DO NOT HAVE ___ , _____, or _____

A

Gallbladder does not have goblet cells, glands, or discrete muscle layers

33
Q

3 calcified, avascular layers of teeth in order

A

Enamel, Dentin and Cementum then Aveolar Bone

34
Q

Teeth are divided into two parts: and consist of which layers

A

Crown (Anatomical and Clinical) = Enamel and Dentin
Root – attached to bone by peridontal ligament = Dentin and Cementum

35
Q

What produces enamel and does it die?

A

AMEOBLASTS and they degenerate after eruption of teeth

36
Q

What secretes dentin

A

ODONTOBLASTS

37
Q

What produces cementum

A

Cementoblasts which can be trapped in lacunae –> cementocytes – cellular cementum – near the root

38
Q

What secretes and maintains periodontal ligament

A

Fibroblasts

39
Q

What layer has the most hydroxyapatite

A

Enamel = 96%
Dentin = 70% + Collagen Type 1 fibers
Cementum = 50% + Type 1 collagen

40
Q

What tooth layer is sensitive to pain, thermal sensations of heat/cold, and pressure

A

Dentin

41
Q

What is missing if the tooth is DECALCIFIED

A

enamel is gone

42
Q

What forms a socket to anchor the tooth and is made partially of woven bone and is resorbed if the tooth is lost

A

AVEOLAR BONE

43
Q

This is made up of specialized oral mucosa lined by stratifed squamous epithelium and dense CT
It adheres to the tooth enamel and eventually as the gums recede it attaches by hemidesmosomes and a thick basal lamina

A

GINGIVA = GUMS

44
Q

This anchors the tooth in its socket and functions as a shock absorber and is made up of DENSE CT
Type 1 collagen
extends from alveolar bone to cementum

A

PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT

45
Q

Too much sugar allows bacteria to grow on teeth and produce acid that decalcifies enamel which triggers odontoblasts to secrete repartive dentin to protect pulp
Continuous destruction results in dentin breakdown leading to exposure of pulp to infection

A

CAVITIES

46
Q

Most common cause of dental pain and loss of teeth in young people
Can be caused by spread of infection from gingitivitis or periodontitis

A

PULPITIS

47
Q

Scurvy is caused by what vitamin deficency and results in loose teeth and bleeding gums

A

Vitamin C

48
Q

Dentinogenesis Imperfect affects what

A

Odontoblasts causing weak dentin

49
Q

Amelogenesis Imperfecta affects ___ and causes ____

A

Affects Ameloblasts and causes weak enamel

50
Q

Since cementum is AVASCULAR it has a lower metabolic rate than bone which results it being more resistant to stress and allows it to not be readily absorbed
So if you place pressure on one side of the tooth (BRACES) this results in

A

Results in RESORPTION of bone not cementum on one side of the socket and deposition of bone on opposite side of the socket –> TOOTH MOVEMENT

Histo Final (13 decks)

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