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Histo Final > 28/29 Urinary System > Flashcards

28/29 Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

direction of kidney flow

A

apex of each pyramid (renal papilla) –> MINOR calyx –> MAJOR Calyx –> RENAL PELVIS –> URETER

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2
Q

The nephron begins with _______ which is made up of ___ and ___

A

RENAL CORPSUCLE : Bownmans capsule and Glomerular Capillaries

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3
Q

From Bowmans capsule the filtrate flows through the tubular portions (2-6) of the nephron until it reachse what portion of the nephron

A

DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

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4
Q

After the last portion of the nephron, the filtrate enters ______

A

collecting tubule that fuse to form the papillary fucts that empty the modified ultrafiltrate = urine into MINOR CALYX

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5
Q

Where does the papillary duct empty into?

A

into calyx at renal papilla

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6
Q

What are the two types of nephrons – based on location

A

Superficial Cortical Nephron
Juxtamedullary Nephron

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7
Q

The visceral layer in the development of a renal corpsucle is due to
what happens to the visceral layer

A

glomerulus of capillaries causes invagination of cells in the future bowmans capsule
These cells become PODOCYTES that wrap around capillaries

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8
Q

How is the glomerular basement membrane developed

A

Basal Laminas of capillaries and future podocytes fuse to form the thick multilayered GBM

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9
Q

In the Renal corpuscle, where does the blood ENTER , filtration occurs through 3 structures and then where does it EXIT

A

Afferent Arteriole –> Capillaries, Basement Membrane, Podocytes –> Efferent Arteriole

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10
Q

The third part of the glomerular filtration barrier =

A

FILTRATION SLIT = space between podocyte foot processes and has thin diaphragms

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11
Q

Blood is FILTERED BASED ON what?

A

SIZE and CHARGE
there should be VERY LITTLE protein in the filtrate just lots of water and very small ions (glucose, amino acids and urea)

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12
Q

Where are mesangial cells found? and functions?

A

in and around glomerular capillary loops
Support – secretes thin CT matrix = MESANGIUM
Cleaning – phagocytosis of debris
Contractile

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13
Q

This apparatus has several structues at the vascular pole that work together to maintain blood pressure and maintain glomerular blood flow and filtration

A

JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARTUS

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14
Q

cluster of dark, compact cells in one side of the distal tubule next to the renal corpuscle, between arterioles. cells monitor the sodium concentration (osmolarity) of the filtrate

A

MACULA DENSA

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15
Q

modified smooth muscle cells in the afferent arteriole. these cells contain granules with RENIN. releases renin into the blood which increases blood pressure via renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

A

JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS

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16
Q

Major site of REABSORPTION of glucose, amino acids, polypeptides, water and electrolytes
Simple CUBOIDAL epithelium, Basal STRIATIONS, Kinky/ragged lumen, microvilli, acidophilic and has indistinct lateral cell borders

A

PCT = proximal convoluted tubule
ID in cross section

17
Q

STRAIGHT portion of PCT

A

TDL = thick descending loop of henle
ID will be longtidunal

18
Q

simple squamous epithelium apart of loop of henle

A

TL = thin limb of loop of henle

19
Q

straight portion of DISTAL tubule has the same features as DCT

A

TAL = thick ascending limb

20
Q

this portion of tubule has simple cuboidal epithlium with indistinct borders but when compared to PCT this has fainter basal striations, less acidophilic cytoplasm, few microvilli, more nuclei in section

A

DCL = DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

21
Q

this tubule has simple cuboidal cells with VISIBLE DISTINCT lateral cell borders and pale cytoplasm

A

COLLECTING TUBULE/DUCT

22
Q

similar to collecting tubule but has simple columbar cells

A

PAPILLARY DUCT

23
Q

Cortical Labyrinth = balls and straight

A

Renal Corpuscle and PCT/DCT

24
Q

Medullary Ray in the CORTEX = straight pieces no balls

A

thick/thin descending limb of Henle and Collecting tubules/ducts

25
Q

Medulla contains STRAIGHT PIECES

A

thick descending, thick ascending limbs, collecting ducts AND thin loops of henle, papillary ducts

26
Q

Arteriole Portal System = unique to kidney

A

Two capillary beds connected by an arteriole portal vessel

27
Q

these arteries provide an afferent arteriole to each nephron

A

INTERLOBULAR ARTERIES

28
Q

Efferent arterioles from CORTICAL nephrons give rise to what

A

PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES around convoluted tubules (IN THE CORTEX)

29
Q

Efferent arterioles from JUXTAMEDULLARY NEPHRONS

A

enter the medulla where it gives rise to the vasa recta capillaries that parallel the long loops of henle

30
Q

Peritubular Cappilaries provide oxygen and nutrients to what type of tissue

A

CORTICAL tissue including convoluted tubules and serve as a pathway for return of reabsorbed water and solutes to the blood

31
Q

VASA RECTA capillaries provide oxygen and nutrients to what type of tissue

A

MEDULLARY tissue along with the loop of Henle, helps produce concentrated urine through a countercurrent exchange system

32
Q

double walled cup receiving urine from the papillary ducts at the tip of each pyramid

A

MINOR CALYX

33
Q

Renal Pelvis, Ureter and Urinary bladder have similar structures
What type of epithelium?

A

Transitional Epithelium (urothelium)
CT (lamina propria) with a muscularis layer of smooth muscle in poorly defined layers

34
Q

What do rounded umbrella cells indicate versus flattened umbrella cells

A

ROUNDED – relaxed, empty bladder
FLATTENED – distended (FULL) bladder

35
Q

antigen-antibody complexes can become trapped in GBM, leading to filtration barrier damage or auto antibodies directed to attack the GBM could be produced

A

GLOMERULAR DAMAGE – associated with many autoimmune diseases and mediated by antibodies

36
Q

these diseases affect the kidney secondarily
artiolosclerosis and associated hypertension = major cause of chronic glomerular injury and renal failure

A

CIRCULATORY DISEASES

37
Q

leading cause of end-stage renal disease and a major cause of death in diabetic patients
causes a thicker and leaky GMB
arteriole lumen narrows
leads to ischemia and tubular atrophy

A

DIABETES MELLITUS

38
Q

even short interruptions of blood supply such as shock and heart failure can result in tubular necrosis
WHAT TUBULE IS FIRST EXPOSED AND DAMAGED BY DRUGS and hazardous waste products in the ultrafiltrate

A

DAMAGE to RENAL TUBULES
PCT = first damaged

39
Q

most common malignant kidney in children, composed of immature mesenchyme (blastema) cells with primitive glomeruli and tubules

A

WILMS TUMOR

Histo Final (13 decks)

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