19

Question 1

The primitive gut is formed by the ENDODERM and is split into 3 sections:

Answer 1

Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut

Question 2

This section of the primitive gut goes from the mouth to proximal duodenum
Gives rise to lower respriatory structures, pancreas, liver and gallbladder

Answer 2

FOREGUT

Question 3

The foregut is supplied by

Answer 3

CELIAC TRUNK

Question 4

This section of the primitive gut consists of rest of small intestines and proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

Answer 4

MIDGUT

Question 5

What supplies the MIDGUT

Answer 5

SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY

Question 6

The midgut connects to the yolk sac via what ___ which becomes incorporated into the umbilical cord

Answer 6

VITELLINE DUCT

Question 7

This part of the primitive gut consists of the last 1/3 transverse colon to anal canal
Includes CLOACA = sewer and subdivides into two EXCRETORY passageways (urine and foodwaste)

Answer 7

HINDGUT

Question 8

The hindgut blood supply =

Answer 8

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 9

Closure of passage in body =

Answer 9

ATRESIA

Question 10

Recanalization of GI tube occurs when

Answer 10

overgrowth cells die and the hollow gut tube forms again

Question 11

Failure to reform lumen can result in

Answer 11

STENOSIS (partial reopening) and ATRESIA (complete failure to reform lumen)

Question 12

Increased amounts of amniotic fluid =
Normal = and Pathologic =

Answer 12

POLYHYDRAMNIOS
Nromal – fetus swallows and then pees it out into amnion
Pathologic = blockage in fetal GI system

Question 13

Development of respiratory system

Answer 13

A bud appears at week 4, growth of a SEPTI< seperates trachea and esophagus

Question 14

Failure of a septum to properly form in development of respiratory system results in

Answer 14

tracheoesophageal fistula with an esophegeal atresia
newborn gags up milk

Question 15

The hepatocytes, bile ducts, and epithelial lining of gall bladder develop from buds that arise out of _____ foregut

Answer 15

DISTAL foregut = future duodendum

Question 16

Failure of biliary ducts to recanalize/develop results in _____

Answer 16

biliary atresia or stenosis

Question 17

The pancreas is made up of two buds = ___ and ____
The two buds fuse together when the foregut _____ and the pancreas is formed

Answer 17

VENTRAL and DORSAL buds
ROTATION of foregut forms pancreas

Question 18

If the ventral pancreatic bud splits and grows around both sides of duodenum, what happens to the lumen

Answer 18

it obstructs the lumen –> ANNULAR PANCREAS leading to duodental atresia and stenosis

Question 19

Congenital Pyloric Stenosis is

Answer 19

hypertrophy of smooth muscle of the pyloric sphincter which blocks movement of food into duodenum
Projectile vomiting in infant

Question 20

defective lateral folding of the embryo during weeks 3 and 4 results in

Answer 20

GASTROSCHISIS
intestines herniate through the weak ventral abdominal wall and into amniotic cavity

Question 21

MALROTATION occurs when and is what?

Answer 21

Around week 5 of midgut development and is the failure to twist properly

Question 22

The failure to properly vascularize at any point during development results in GI tube atresia or stenosis =

Answer 22

VASCULAR ACCIDENTS

Question 23

This defective seperation of the midgut occurs when the midgut loops FAIL TO RETURN to abdominal cavity weeks 6-10.
Infants are born with their intestines in an umbilical sac covered by a shiny, gray amniotic membrane

Answer 23

OMPHALOCELE

Question 24

This is the most common malformation of the small intestine
this is due to abnormal persistence of the viteline duct and its connection to the ileum

Answer 24

MECKELS DIVERTICULUM

Question 25

The dilated terminal portion of the hindgut = aka sewer

Answer 25

CLOACA

Question 26

At week 5 the cloaca becomes divided by _____ ___ and it splits into two separate passages = anorectal canal and urogenital sinus

Answer 26

URORECTAL SEPTUM

Question 27

Imperforate Anus

Answer 27

Rectal atresia = no opening, rectum ends in a blind sac d/t the anal membrane never broke down