20 Flashcards
The Oral Mucosa is divided into 3 parts
Masticatory
Lining
Specialized
This mucousa divison overlies the bone, made up of stratified squamous epithelium (kertainzed and parakertainized), CT and bone
Masticatory Mucosa
This mucosa division lines soft things, made up of stratified squamous non kertainzed, CT, Glands and Skeletal muscle
Lining Mucosa
This mucosa layer lines the dorsal 2/3 of the tongue. Made up of lining mucosa, papillae and taste buds
Specialized Mucosa
How many papillae types are present on the tongue and name them
4 types:
Fungiform, Circumvallate, Filiform, and Foilate papillae
What is a unique feature of the tongue
has skeletal muscle in 3 planes of orientation
apart of the mucosa, highly cellular connective tissue (usually loose) may contain glands
Lamina Propria
apart of the mucosa, thin layer of smooth muscle, present from esophagus to anal canal
Muscularis Mucosae
apart of the digestive tract structure, loose CT containing large blood vessels and nerves, and sometimes glands may be present
also contains Meissners Nerve plexus – involved in gland secretion
SubMucosa
apart of the digestive tract structure, smooth muscle layers, arranged in an inner circular and an outer longitudinal layer
contains auerbachs nerve plexus – regulates smooth muscle contraction (motility)
Muscularis Externae
the outermost part of the digestive tract structure made up of CT and simple squamous epithelium
Adventitia and Serosa
This is identified by its stratified squamous epithelium (nonkertainzed) with a muscularis mucosa
ESOPHAGUS
Unique muscle structure of esophagus
first 1/3 = skeltal muscle (voluntary swallow
middle 1/3 mix of skeltal and smooth
last 1/3 smooth muscle = automatic swallowiong
Esophageal Varices are due to
long standing portal hypertension
dilated tortuous veins in the submucosa and mucosa of esophage
This pathology of the esophagus is due to a complication of chronic acid reflux
Distal esophageal cells undergo a metaplastic change from stratified squamous to simple columnar epithelium
cells can become dysplastic
BARRETS esophagus
the stomach has longitudal folds of mucosa and submucosa which usually disappear when stomach is full =
RUGAE
What are the 3 regions the stomach is divided into and what is the division based on
Based on type of glands
Cardiac = secretes mucous
Fundic or Gastric = secrete acid/digestive enzymes
Pyloric secrete mucus
3 cell types in the fundic/gastric gland of esophagus
Parietal cells – secrete HCl and intrinsic factor (acidophilic)
Chief Cells – secrete pepsinogen – acidophillic
Enterorendocrine cells = hiiden, neutral crest dervived cells, endocrine/paracrine secreting cells
Cells present in Pyloric Gland
Mucuous cells and enteroendocrine
if you see simple columnar next to stratified squamous epithelium of esophagus THINK
CARDIAC STOMACH
if you see flat top with NO VILLI
simple columnar epithelium with clear mucus secreting cells that are NOT goblet cells
many small mucosal glands extending down into lamina propria CT
ID =
Stomach ID
if you see simple columnar colorful fun glands with parietal, cheif cells filling the mucosa
THE ID =
fundic stomach
if you se simple columnar, no goblets
Pits are long
slight difference in appearance of gland cells from surface and pit cells
ID =
pyloric stomach
this pathology is defined as a breach in the mucosa extending through the various stomach layers
most common in the stomach and duodenum where large amounts of acid are present
STOMACH ULCER
this stomach pathology is inflammation of the stomach mucosa
GASTRITIS
Modifications of small intestine to INC surface area for absoprtion (4)
Plicae Virculares = permanent folds of mucosa and submucosa
Villi = fingerlike projections
Crypts of Lieberkuhn = intestinal glands – downward invaginations continous with villi in mucosa
Microvilli = striated border
Brunner Glands are found where and do what
in the duodenum in submucosa and help neutralize acidic chyme
Where are peyers patches found and what are they
in the ilieum and are lymph nodes
these cells found in the small intestine secrete lysozyme antibacterial (acidophilic)
PANETH cells in CRYPTS
an atrophy or reduction in the number of vili present in small intestines causes this small intestine pathology =
MALABSORPTION syndromes
chronic idiopathic inflammatory (skin lesions) bowel disease that typically affects illeum or colon
thickened rigid wall and narrow lumen
Crohns disease
remenant of vitelline duct = connection of yolk sac to midgut –> illeum results in bleeding obstruction and perforation
meckels diverticulum
if you see flat top with glands – no paneth cells
simple columnar epithellium with many goblet cells
the ID =
large intestine
part of large intestine
3 bands of outer longitudinal muscle layers
taenia coli
histological transition from rectum of large intestine to anal canal to anus
simple columnar epithelium –> stratified squamous nonkertainized –> kertainized
uncommon tumor from neural crest – secretes serotonin, gastric, SST, histamine
Carcinoid Tumors – appendix pathology
chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease of mucosa and submucosa in colon and rectum
paneth cells appear in crypts (usually only present in small intestine)
abscesses form in crypts –> mucosa destroyed –> does not reform completely …
ULCERATIVE COLITIS – can lead to colon cancer
obstruction of blood flow to large and small intestine
1-4 days later –> intestinal bacteria –> gangrene and perforation of bowel
ischemic bowel disease
loss of enteric neurons in a section of colin
toxic megacolon = hirschsprungs disease
can lead to gangrene and obstruction
