Urogenital Flashcards
get rid of nitrogenous waste
maintain ion balance
get rid of toxic materials and excess nutrients
maintain water
Urinary system
outside
cortex
inside
medulla
Nephrotomes grow into
renal capsule
Successive neprotomes form
nephric duct
nephrotomes=
uriniferous tubule
tubules combine and form
pronephric duct
tubulues that form anteriorly first
Pronephros
tubules form in middle section
Mesonephros
Mesonephric duct=
Wolffian duct
uretic diverticulum at base of mesonephric duct
metanephoros
pronephros with no glomerulw anteriorly but connection to coelom
juvenile
have glomeruli posteriorly but no connection to coelom
hagfish
functional adult kidney
Mesonephros
pronephros with 8 tubules serviced by glomus
lamprey larva
meso and metanephris tubules develop in adult
lamprey
pronephros usually functional in larvae
amphibians
1-2 pronephros remain
amphibians
adults with opisthonephros
amphibans
pronephros rarely produce nephrons
amniotes
remove nitrogenous waste
kidney
byproduct of protein digestion
highly toxic
ammonia
direct excretion of ammonia
ammonotelism
produce urea
urotelism
produce uric acid
uricotelism
relates to osmoregulation
nephron structure
in kidneys terrestrial
nephron structure
terrestrial nephron
kidneys
aquatic nephron
gills and digestive tracts
excretes excess salts into colon
digitiform gland
body saltier than water
Hyperosmotic
body less salty than water
Hyposmotic
how marine tetrapods excrete excess salts
Nasal glands
some sea turtles excrete excess salt by
orbital glands
snakes excrete excess salts by
sublingual glands
what will become the female internal reproductive system
Mullerian Duct
the archinephric duct
Wolffian Duct
stimulates the development of the wolffian duct into the vas deferens, epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicles
testosterone
testes prodce the _______ gormone that inhibits MD development
mullerian
in females the mullerian duct becomes the_____,____, and ____ and the wolfian duct regresses
oviduct, uterus, and vagina
paired gonads arise from genital ridge
thickening of splanchnic mesoderm
germ cells arise from _____ _______ and migrate to indifferent ____
extraembryonic endoderm
gonad
female cells to
cortex
male cells to
medulla
have no oviduct, eggs are released in coelom
hagfish and lampreys
may only have one uterus
chondrichthys
ovaries usually paired
tetrapods
prominent shell gland
oviparous
distinct uterus
viviparous
archinephric duct regresses, leaves remnants in
reptiles
move ovum to oviduct after fertilixation
Fimbria
add layers of shell or nutrition to egg
shell gland
oviduct add albumin, shell membrane and then hard calcareous shell
reptiles
terminal portion of oviduct
hold shelled eggs or embryos
uterus
extraembryonic membranes of embyo establis vascular association
placenta
unique to placental mammals but these types of allantoic placentae common in other amniotes
Chorioallantoic placenta
WE HAVE THIS
no vagina or cervix
monotremes
duplex uterus
shell gland
urethra and uteri combine
urogenital sinus
duplex uterus and 2 vaginas
Metatherians
2 horns and 2 cervices
Eutherians
2 separate uterine horns fuse
bipartite
Pigs, marine mammals, mice, carnivoresPigs, marine mammals, mice, carnivores
Bipartite
Most bats, most artio- and perissodactyls
Bicornuate
lrge body and short horns
Bicornuate
horns fused
urethra and vagina generally separate
simplex
sperm shed into coelom and exit via abdomial pores
hagfish and lampreys
just drain kidneys, they are not asociated with reproduction at all
archinephric ducts
hagfish and lampreys
these organisms lose mullerian ducts
elasmobranchs
elasmobranchs have a distinct accessory urinary ducts to _______ ________
uriniferous kidney
kidney has a reproductive and urinary section in what group
Elasmobranchs
Archinephric duct only for sperm, so becomes vas deferans
elasmobanchs
Archinephric duct may recieve urine and sperm
bony fish
some amphibians
testicular duct may have its own opening
teleosts
-bony fish
lack a duct, release sperm into coelom and out through pores in lower coelom
salmonids
-bony fish
has no testicular duct
sturgeon bowfin
most with acessory urinary ducts and vas deferans
amphibians
most have a reproductive kidney
salamander
-frogs dont have this, some salamanders dont
ALWAYS vas deferans
Amniotes
several mesonephric tubules form epididimus
amniotes
kidney drained by ureter
amniotes
testes decednt into outpocketing of coelom in most mammals
scrotum
what is the scrotum connected by
inguinal canal
copulation by releasing sperm over eggs
primitively
if uterus houses young or a shell is added then ____ is needed
internal fertilization
produce spermatophore that female picks up
salamander
most salamanders use an _______ which is possessed by male to delvier sperm duting coitus
intromittent organ
pumps sperm down grooves in pelvic fin
Siphon
what is the intromittent organ of guppies
gonopodium
-sometimes modified genital papilla
intromittent organ from ventral cloacal wall
turtles and crocs
intromittant organs from noncloacal spithelium and connective tissue
mammals
from ventral cloacal wall
birds
from lateral cloacal wall
tuataras snakes and lizards
penis bone or os penis
baculum
-present in most mammals (except humans horses, marsupials,lagomorphs, and hyena)
in fish the urinary bladder is
mesodermal and noncloacal
urinary bladder diverticulum (outpocketing) of cloaca
tetrapods
lost in snakes, some lizards, crocodilians and birds EXCEPT ostriches
urinary bladder
the ureter drains directly into urinary bladder
therian mammals
two conditions caused because ovary is separate from the oviduct
ectopic pregnancies and endometriosis
lining of the uterus
endomertrium
when the endometrium has sloughed off and entered the coelom
endometriosus
when the egg impants elsewhere
ectopic pregnancy
C section is necessary during
Abdominal Pregnancies
means stone child
- the body will calcify
- seals off the baby, but left as a rock inside mother
Lithopaedia
