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Comparative Anatomy > Urogenital > Flashcards

Urogenital Flashcards

1
Q

get rid of nitrogenous waste
maintain ion balance
get rid of toxic materials and excess nutrients
maintain water

A

Urinary system

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2
Q

outside

A

cortex

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3
Q

inside

A

medulla

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4
Q

Nephrotomes grow into

A

renal capsule

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5
Q

Successive neprotomes form

A

nephric duct

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6
Q

nephrotomes=

A

uriniferous tubule

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7
Q

tubules combine and form

A

pronephric duct

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8
Q

tubulues that form anteriorly first

A

Pronephros

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9
Q

tubules form in middle section

A

Mesonephros

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10
Q

Mesonephric duct=

A

Wolffian duct

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11
Q

uretic diverticulum at base of mesonephric duct

A

metanephoros

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12
Q

pronephros with no glomerulw anteriorly but connection to coelom

A

juvenile

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13
Q

have glomeruli posteriorly but no connection to coelom

A

hagfish

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14
Q

functional adult kidney

A

Mesonephros

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15
Q

pronephros with 8 tubules serviced by glomus

A

lamprey larva

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16
Q

meso and metanephris tubules develop in adult

A

lamprey

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17
Q

pronephros usually functional in larvae

A

amphibians

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18
Q

1-2 pronephros remain

A

amphibians

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19
Q

adults with opisthonephros

A

amphibans

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20
Q

pronephros rarely produce nephrons

A

amniotes

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21
Q

remove nitrogenous waste

A

kidney

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22
Q

byproduct of protein digestion

highly toxic

A

ammonia

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23
Q

direct excretion of ammonia

A

ammonotelism

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24
Q

produce urea

A

urotelism

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25
Q

produce uric acid

A

uricotelism

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26
Q

relates to osmoregulation

A

nephron structure

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27
Q

in kidneys terrestrial

A

nephron structure

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28
Q

terrestrial nephron

A

kidneys

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29
Q

aquatic nephron

A

gills and digestive tracts

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30
Q

excretes excess salts into colon

A

digitiform gland

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31
Q

body saltier than water

A

Hyperosmotic

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32
Q

body less salty than water

A

Hyposmotic

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33
Q

how marine tetrapods excrete excess salts

A

Nasal glands

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34
Q

some sea turtles excrete excess salt by

A

orbital glands

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35
Q

snakes excrete excess salts by

A

sublingual glands

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36
Q

what will become the female internal reproductive system

A

Mullerian Duct

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37
Q

the archinephric duct

A

Wolffian Duct

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38
Q

stimulates the development of the wolffian duct into the vas deferens, epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicles

A

testosterone

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39
Q

testes prodce the _______ gormone that inhibits MD development

A

mullerian

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40
Q

in females the mullerian duct becomes the_____,____, and ____ and the wolfian duct regresses

A

oviduct, uterus, and vagina

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41
Q

paired gonads arise from genital ridge

A

thickening of splanchnic mesoderm

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42
Q

germ cells arise from _____ _______ and migrate to indifferent ____

A

extraembryonic endoderm

gonad

43
Q

female cells to

A

cortex

44
Q

male cells to

A

medulla

45
Q

have no oviduct, eggs are released in coelom

A

hagfish and lampreys

46
Q

may only have one uterus

A

chondrichthys

47
Q

ovaries usually paired

A

tetrapods

48
Q

prominent shell gland

A

oviparous

49
Q

distinct uterus

A

viviparous

50
Q

archinephric duct regresses, leaves remnants in

A

reptiles

51
Q

move ovum to oviduct after fertilixation

A

Fimbria

52
Q

add layers of shell or nutrition to egg

A

shell gland

53
Q

oviduct add albumin, shell membrane and then hard calcareous shell

A

reptiles

54
Q

terminal portion of oviduct

hold shelled eggs or embryos

A

uterus

55
Q

extraembryonic membranes of embyo establis vascular association

A

placenta

56
Q

unique to placental mammals but these types of allantoic placentae common in other amniotes

A

Chorioallantoic placenta

WE HAVE THIS

57
Q

no vagina or cervix

A

monotremes

58
Q

duplex uterus

A

shell gland

59
Q

urethra and uteri combine

A

urogenital sinus

60
Q

duplex uterus and 2 vaginas

A

Metatherians

61
Q

2 horns and 2 cervices

A

Eutherians

62
Q

2 separate uterine horns fuse

A

bipartite

63
Q

Pigs, marine mammals, mice, carnivoresPigs, marine mammals, mice, carnivores

A

Bipartite

64
Q

Most bats, most artio- and perissodactyls

A

Bicornuate

65
Q

lrge body and short horns

A

Bicornuate

66
Q

horns fused

urethra and vagina generally separate

A

simplex

67
Q

sperm shed into coelom and exit via abdomial pores

A

hagfish and lampreys

68
Q

just drain kidneys, they are not asociated with reproduction at all

A

archinephric ducts

hagfish and lampreys

69
Q

these organisms lose mullerian ducts

A

elasmobranchs

70
Q

elasmobranchs have a distinct accessory urinary ducts to _______ ________

A

uriniferous kidney

71
Q

kidney has a reproductive and urinary section in what group

A

Elasmobranchs

72
Q

Archinephric duct only for sperm, so becomes vas deferans

A

elasmobanchs

73
Q

Archinephric duct may recieve urine and sperm

A

bony fish

some amphibians

74
Q

testicular duct may have its own opening

A

teleosts

-bony fish

75
Q

lack a duct, release sperm into coelom and out through pores in lower coelom

A

salmonids

-bony fish

76
Q

has no testicular duct

A

sturgeon bowfin

77
Q

most with acessory urinary ducts and vas deferans

A

amphibians

78
Q

most have a reproductive kidney

A

salamander

-frogs dont have this, some salamanders dont

79
Q

ALWAYS vas deferans

A

Amniotes

80
Q

several mesonephric tubules form epididimus

A

amniotes

81
Q

kidney drained by ureter

A

amniotes

82
Q

testes decednt into outpocketing of coelom in most mammals

A

scrotum

83
Q

what is the scrotum connected by

A

inguinal canal

84
Q

copulation by releasing sperm over eggs

A

primitively

85
Q

if uterus houses young or a shell is added then ____ is needed

A

internal fertilization

86
Q

produce spermatophore that female picks up

A

salamander

87
Q

most salamanders use an _______ which is possessed by male to delvier sperm duting coitus

A

intromittent organ

88
Q

pumps sperm down grooves in pelvic fin

A

Siphon

89
Q

what is the intromittent organ of guppies

A

gonopodium

-sometimes modified genital papilla

90
Q

intromittent organ from ventral cloacal wall

A

turtles and crocs

91
Q

intromittant organs from noncloacal spithelium and connective tissue

A

mammals

92
Q

from ventral cloacal wall

A

birds

93
Q

from lateral cloacal wall

A

tuataras snakes and lizards

94
Q

penis bone or os penis

A

baculum

-present in most mammals (except humans horses, marsupials,lagomorphs, and hyena)

95
Q

in fish the urinary bladder is

A

mesodermal and noncloacal

96
Q

urinary bladder diverticulum (outpocketing) of cloaca

A

tetrapods

97
Q

lost in snakes, some lizards, crocodilians and birds EXCEPT ostriches

A

urinary bladder

98
Q

the ureter drains directly into urinary bladder

A

therian mammals

99
Q

two conditions caused because ovary is separate from the oviduct

A

ectopic pregnancies and endometriosis

100
Q

lining of the uterus

A

endomertrium

101
Q

when the endometrium has sloughed off and entered the coelom

A

endometriosus

102
Q

when the egg impants elsewhere

A

ectopic pregnancy

103
Q

C section is necessary during

A

Abdominal Pregnancies

104
Q

means stone child

  • the body will calcify
  • seals off the baby, but left as a rock inside mother
A

Lithopaedia

Comparative Anatomy (14 decks)

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