Digestive system Flashcards
forms temporary buccopharyngeal membrane
Stomodeum
forms bucall cabity
Stomodeum
forms cloacal membrane and then cloaca
Proctodeum
teeth, tongue, palate, oral glands
buccal cavity
Boundary between Buccal and Pharyngeal Cavities
Palataoglossal
this is unique to vert teeth
enamel
induction bewtwen embryonic epidermis and naural crest derived mesenchyme
teeth
enamel
epidermis
mesenchyme
dentin
gum line
gingiva
mucous connective tissue
pulp
hardest substance produced
enamel -outside
pulces of calcium salt deposition, there is no growth in teeth after it errupts
concentric rings
bonelike but harder
laid down slowly through out life
dentin- inside
attaches base/ root to socket
cementum
-may extend around enamel in herbivores
cementocytes lay down matrix in seasonal cycles
cemental annuli
bundles of thick collagenous fibers
periodontal ligament
most mammals have what type of teeth
heterodont
teeth continuously replaced
Polyphyodont
two sets of teeth
-mammals
diphyodont
baby or milk teeth
deciduous dentition
adult teeth
permanent dentition
enamel organ
epidermis
dermal papilla
mesenchyme
secrete enamel
Ameloblasts
secrete dentin
Odontoblasts
tooth development
- crown
- root
- cementum
- periodontal ligament
with sockets
Thecodont
shallow socket
Acrodont
connected on mesial side of jaw
Pleurodont
allows teeth to bend inwards so prey cant escape
serrae
some snakes with hollow that allows for venom and can be replaced
polyphyodont
crowns low
Brachydont
crows high
Hypsodont
rounded cusps
-us
Bunodont
cusps drawn into ridges
Lophodont
cresent shaped cusps
selenodont
type of sectorial teeth that cats and dogs have
carnassials
tongue is opperated by
hyoid apparatus
the toungue is reduced in what
secondarily aquatic species
forms from endoderm
pharynx
form on lateral walls
pharyngeal pouches
meet inpocketing of ectoderm
branchial grooves
form partition at point of contact
-perforated to form gill slits
closing plates
mammals tusks evolved from what?
elephant- upper incisors
Narwhal-left upper incisor
walrus- canines
tongue forms floor of pharynx with keratinized teeth
hagfish and lampreys
tongue forms from floor of pharynx, not muscularized
fish
tongue forms from hypobranchial musculature and opperated by hyoid apparatus
tetrapods
move food in mouth, needs wet adhesion
intraoral transport
tubotympanic recess envelops ear bones
1st pharyngeal pouch
forms eustachian tube and part of tympanic cavity
1st pharyngeal pouch
palatine tonsil
2nd
parathyroid
3rd and 4th
ultimobranchial bodies- separate glands in most, part of thyroid in mammals
5th
form c cells and control blood calium
5th
all arches in fished. variable in amphibians, III and IV in mammals
Thymus
roof of pharynx
pharyngeal tonsil
thyroid, part of tongue, lingual tonsil and lung primordium
floor
three temporary seals form when a mamml is chewing
anterior-lips
middle-between soft palate and tongue
posterior- between epiglotis and soft palate
when tongue expands against soft palate
swallowing
where does food gather when swallowing
vallecula
closes to prevent aspiration of food into trachea
glottis
helps us with swalloing without blocking air
posterior seal
most digestion occurs here
alimentary canal
epithelium that lines the lumen
mucosa
loose connective tissue
-nerve plexes
submucosa
circular and logitudinnal smooth muscle
muscularis externa
together with mesentery
serosa
may store food-prey swallowed whole
esophagus
retard putrefaction by bacteria
Hydrochloric acid
folds when relaxed
rugae
produces mucas
cardiac glands
mucas partially for neutrulization- this burns
pyloric glands
produce hydrochloric and digestive enzymes
fundus glands
mammals fundic glands
cheif and parietal cells
oxyntopeptic cells
HCl and Pepsinogen
loss of gastric glands in rodents
nonglandular epithelium
sphincter regulate movement into the large intestine
ileocolic valve
terminal section receive products from urinary or reproductive systems
cloaca
only products of the alimentary canal
rectum
function is to move food absorb products of digestion, water
intestine
neutralize chyme
duodenal or brunners gland
have no stomach, and no straight gut that folds in lumen
hagfishes and lampreys
diet of detritus
coprolites
suggest scroll valve
coiled (absorptive area)
have a spiral valve intestine
chondrichthyes
have no stomach
chimaeras
some carnivores teleosts have this, it aids in digestion and food absorption
pyloric caecae
where divisions of small intestine become clear
amphibians
have well muscularized gizzard and a glandular region
crocodilians
diverticulum of esophagus that hole food and crop milk in pigeons
crop
glandular stomach
proventriculus
stomach
abomasum
becomes venom gland in many snakes
duvernoys gland
bathe eye and vomeronasal orcan
lacramal and harderian gland
2nd largest organ in humans
liver
emulsify fats
bile
Islets of Langerhans
Endocrine
Pancreatic ice
Exocrine
shuts down the production of acid
PGE2
