Circulatory

Question 1

What type of blood is a synapomorphy in mammals?

Answer 1

Anucleate

Question 2

Red blood cells

Answer 2

Erythrocytes

Question 3

used for oxygen uptake

Answer 3

hemoglobin

Question 4

white blood cells used for the immune response

Answer 4

leucocytes

Question 5

release factors that form clot or thrombus

Answer 5

platelets

Question 6

the liquid portion with dissolved substances

Answer 6

plasma

Question 7

little muscle, very elastic

Answer 7

Arteries

Question 8

all smooth muscle

Answer 8

Veins

Question 9

just endothelium and connective tissue

Answer 9

capillaries

Question 10

carry blood from heart to body gills and lungs

Answer 10

arteries

Question 11

arteries lose elasticity forcing smaller, non-elastic vessels to absorb forces

Answer 11

arterial disease

-can lead to stroke

Question 12

the smallest vessels

site of deposition and intake of blood products

Answer 12

capillaries

Question 13

take blood from body or lungs to heart

Answer 13

veins

Question 14

strongest pressure when ventricles contract

Answer 14

systolic

Question 15

lowest between heart beats

Answer 15

diastolic

Question 16

most fish and lungless amphibians have this

Answer 16

single circulation

Question 17

most tetrapods and lungfish have this

Answer 17

double circulation

Question 18

blood vessels arise within

Answer 18

mesoderm or from mesenchyme

Question 19

run from capillaries to capillaries without passing through heart

Answer 19

portal systems

Question 20

most fish and embryos have this

Answer 20

cardinal veins

Question 21

cardinal veins develop later into

Answer 21

postcava and precava

Question 22

in chondrichthyes, originally part of the V. aorta but move to collector loop

Answer 22

external carotid artery

Question 23

have 4 paris of aortic arches

Answer 23

actinopterygians

Question 24

major artery in birds and some reptiles

Answer 24

Brachiocephalic major artery

Question 25

have left systemic arch

Answer 25

mammals

Question 26

ductus arteriosis is lost

Answer 26

mammals

Question 27

arose to oxygenate blood with the gills

Answer 27

aortic arch

Question 28

take blood to the head

Answer 28

carotids

Question 29

in tetrapods these now branch from the systemic arches

Answer 29

caroids

Question 30

present in amphibians and primitively in birds and mammals

Answer 30

double systemic arches

Question 31

converge on a single systemic arch that is confusingly called the aortic arch

Answer 31

birds and mammals

Question 32

Present in fishes | Merged or absent in tetrapods

Answer 32

lateral abdominal veins

Question 33

in amphibians two join to form ventral abdominal veins

Answer 33

lateral abdominal veins

Question 34

Loses connection to caudal and direct connection to SV

Answer 34

hepatic portal vein

Question 35

arise to ass supplementary drainage of post body

Answer 35

supracardinals

Question 36

just in lungfishes and tetrapods

Answer 36

pulmonary system

Question 37

origin from the heart

Answer 37

contractile vessels in amphioxus

Question 38

lacks cardiac muscle | -smooth muscle in tunica media

Answer 38

bublus cordis

Question 39

particularly well developed in Elasmobranchs, crocodiles, birds and mammals- take oxygenated blood to the walls of the outside of the heart.

Answer 39

coronary arteries | - take oxygenated blood to the heart

Question 40

valve between sinuous venosus and atrium

Answer 40

sinoatriel

Question 41

between A and V (mitral [l] and tricuspid [r] in us)

Answer 41

atrioventricular

Question 42

used mostly to halt retrograde flow

Answer 42

semilunar valves

Question 43

partially fill via aspiration – draw blood in

Answer 43

SV and A

Question 44

conduct impulse to apex of heart

Answer 44

purkinje fibers

Question 45

change strength of contraction

Answer 45

Frank-Starling Reflex

Question 46

change heart rate in response to incoming blood

Answer 46

Atrial Reflex | -Mainly at atrioventricular junction

Question 47

Elevated pressure causes heart rate decrease

Answer 47

Baroreceptor Reflex | -mainly in carotid sinuses and aortic arch, also in auricles and vena cavae

Question 48

In mammals, the SV is a reduced patch of

Answer 48

Purkinje fibers

Question 49

return fluid to the circulatory system

Answer 49

lymph system

Question 50

have striated muscles and lymph hearts

Answer 50

teleosts

Question 51

have lymph nodes

Answer 51

only mammals and some water birds

Question 52

blood movies from RA to LA and closes just before birth sure to increased pressure on left side

Answer 52

Foramen ovale

Question 53

connects pulmonary artery to aorta

Answer 53

ductus arteriosus