Circulatory Flashcards
What type of blood is a synapomorphy in mammals?
Anucleate
Red blood cells
Erythrocytes
used for oxygen uptake
hemoglobin
white blood cells used for the immune response
leucocytes
release factors that form clot or thrombus
platelets
the liquid portion with dissolved substances
plasma
little muscle, very elastic
Arteries
all smooth muscle
Veins
just endothelium and connective tissue
capillaries
carry blood from heart to body gills and lungs
arteries
arteries lose elasticity forcing smaller, non-elastic vessels to absorb forces
arterial disease
-can lead to stroke
the smallest vessels
site of deposition and intake of blood products
capillaries
take blood from body or lungs to heart
veins
strongest pressure when ventricles contract
systolic
lowest between heart beats
diastolic
most fish and lungless amphibians have this
single circulation
most tetrapods and lungfish have this
double circulation
blood vessels arise within
mesoderm or from mesenchyme
run from capillaries to capillaries without passing through heart
portal systems
most fish and embryos have this
cardinal veins
cardinal veins develop later into
postcava and precava
in chondrichthyes, originally part of the V. aorta but move to collector loop
external carotid artery
have 4 paris of aortic arches
actinopterygians
major artery in birds and some reptiles
Brachiocephalic major artery
have left systemic arch
mammals
ductus arteriosis is lost
mammals
arose to oxygenate blood with the gills
aortic arch
take blood to the head
carotids
in tetrapods these now branch from the systemic arches
caroids
present in amphibians and primitively in birds and mammals
double systemic arches
converge on a single systemic arch that is confusingly called the aortic arch
birds and mammals
Present in fishes
Merged or absent in tetrapods
lateral abdominal veins
in amphibians two join to form ventral abdominal veins
lateral abdominal veins
Loses connection to caudal and direct connection to SV
hepatic portal vein
arise to ass supplementary drainage of post body
supracardinals
just in lungfishes and tetrapods
pulmonary system
origin from the heart
contractile vessels in amphioxus
lacks cardiac muscle
-smooth muscle in tunica media
bublus cordis
particularly well developed in Elasmobranchs, crocodiles, birds and mammals- take oxygenated blood to the walls of the outside of the heart.
coronary arteries
- take oxygenated blood to the heart
valve between sinuous venosus and atrium
sinoatriel
between A and V (mitral [l] and tricuspid [r] in us)
atrioventricular
used mostly to halt retrograde flow
semilunar valves
partially fill via aspiration – draw blood in
SV and A
conduct impulse to apex of heart
purkinje fibers
change strength of contraction
Frank-Starling Reflex
change heart rate in response to incoming blood
Atrial Reflex
-Mainly at atrioventricular junction
Elevated pressure causes heart rate decrease
Baroreceptor Reflex
-mainly in carotid sinuses and aortic arch, also in auricles and vena cavae
In mammals, the SV is a reduced patch of
Purkinje fibers
return fluid to the circulatory system
lymph system
have striated muscles and lymph hearts
teleosts
have lymph nodes
only mammals and some water birds
blood movies from RA to LA and closes just before birth sure to increased pressure on left side
Foramen ovale
connects pulmonary artery to aorta
ductus arteriosus
