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Comparative Anatomy > Circulatory > Flashcards

Circulatory Flashcards

1
Q

What type of blood is a synapomorphy in mammals?

A

Anucleate

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2
Q

Red blood cells

A

Erythrocytes

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3
Q

used for oxygen uptake

A

hemoglobin

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4
Q

white blood cells used for the immune response

A

leucocytes

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5
Q

release factors that form clot or thrombus

A

platelets

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6
Q

the liquid portion with dissolved substances

A

plasma

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7
Q

little muscle, very elastic

A

Arteries

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8
Q

all smooth muscle

A

Veins

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9
Q

just endothelium and connective tissue

A

capillaries

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10
Q

carry blood from heart to body gills and lungs

A

arteries

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11
Q

arteries lose elasticity forcing smaller, non-elastic vessels to absorb forces

A

arterial disease

-can lead to stroke

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12
Q

the smallest vessels

site of deposition and intake of blood products

A

capillaries

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13
Q

take blood from body or lungs to heart

A

veins

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14
Q

strongest pressure when ventricles contract

A

systolic

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15
Q

lowest between heart beats

A

diastolic

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16
Q

most fish and lungless amphibians have this

A

single circulation

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17
Q

most tetrapods and lungfish have this

A

double circulation

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18
Q

blood vessels arise within

A

mesoderm or from mesenchyme

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19
Q

run from capillaries to capillaries without passing through heart

A

portal systems

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20
Q

most fish and embryos have this

A

cardinal veins

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21
Q

cardinal veins develop later into

A

postcava and precava

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22
Q

in chondrichthyes, originally part of the V. aorta but move to collector loop

A

external carotid artery

23
Q

have 4 paris of aortic arches

A

actinopterygians

24
Q

major artery in birds and some reptiles

A

Brachiocephalic major artery

25
Q

have left systemic arch

A

mammals

26
Q

ductus arteriosis is lost

A

mammals

27
Q

arose to oxygenate blood with the gills

A

aortic arch

28
Q

take blood to the head

A

carotids

29
Q

in tetrapods these now branch from the systemic arches

A

caroids

30
Q

present in amphibians and primitively in birds and mammals

A

double systemic arches

31
Q

converge on a single systemic arch that is confusingly called the aortic arch

A

birds and mammals

32
Q

Present in fishes

Merged or absent in tetrapods

A

lateral abdominal veins

33
Q

in amphibians two join to form ventral abdominal veins

A

lateral abdominal veins

34
Q

Loses connection to caudal and direct connection to SV

A

hepatic portal vein

35
Q

arise to ass supplementary drainage of post body

A

supracardinals

36
Q

just in lungfishes and tetrapods

A

pulmonary system

37
Q

origin from the heart

A

contractile vessels in amphioxus

38
Q

lacks cardiac muscle

-smooth muscle in tunica media

A

bublus cordis

39
Q

particularly well developed in Elasmobranchs, crocodiles, birds and mammals- take oxygenated blood to the walls of the outside of the heart.

A

coronary arteries

- take oxygenated blood to the heart

40
Q

valve between sinuous venosus and atrium

A

sinoatriel

41
Q

between A and V (mitral [l] and tricuspid [r] in us)

A

atrioventricular

42
Q

used mostly to halt retrograde flow

A

semilunar valves

43
Q

partially fill via aspiration – draw blood in

A

SV and A

44
Q

conduct impulse to apex of heart

A

purkinje fibers

45
Q

change strength of contraction

A

Frank-Starling Reflex

46
Q

change heart rate in response to incoming blood

A

Atrial Reflex

-Mainly at atrioventricular junction

47
Q

Elevated pressure causes heart rate decrease

A

Baroreceptor Reflex

-mainly in carotid sinuses and aortic arch, also in auricles and vena cavae

48
Q

In mammals, the SV is a reduced patch of

A

Purkinje fibers

49
Q

return fluid to the circulatory system

A

lymph system

50
Q

have striated muscles and lymph hearts

A

teleosts

51
Q

have lymph nodes

A

only mammals and some water birds

52
Q

blood movies from RA to LA and closes just before birth sure to increased pressure on left side

A

Foramen ovale

53
Q

connects pulmonary artery to aorta

A

ductus arteriosus

Comparative Anatomy (14 decks)

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