Muscles

Question 1

Three components of muscle function

Answer 1

1. moving
2. stopping motion
3. Electricity

Question 2

myofibrils with repeating units

Answer 2

sarcomeres

Question 3

what is it called when contractions can contract themselves

-this is involuntary

Answer 3

intrinsic

-cardiac muscle

Question 4

attach muscle to bone

Answer 4

tendon

Question 5

thin flat sheet

Answer 5

aponeurosis

Question 6

bind parts of the body together

Answer 6

fascia

Question 7

link bones

Answer 7

ligament

Question 8

3 connective tissues

Answer 8

1. tendon
2. fascia
3. ligament

Question 9

transfer force, energetically cheap, and allow finer motion

Answer 9

tendons 
more fibers (wider) =more strength

Question 10

are perpendicular to longitudinal axis at thickest area

Answer 10

Morphological CS

Question 11

area of all muscle fibers perpendicular to their longitudinal axes

Answer 11

Physiological CS

Question 12

muscles that allow for greater control but reduces strength

-pecrotalis muscles

Answer 12

convergent muscles

Question 13

action at angle to contraction

-heavy load for a short distance

Answer 13

pennate muscles

Question 14

sphincters are this kind of muscle

Answer 14

circular muscle

Question 15

this muscle is better for strength

Answer 15

semimembranosus

Question 16

this muscle is better for speed

Answer 16

Gluteus medius

Question 17

bend one part relative to another

Answer 17

flexors

Question 18

straighten

Answer 18

extensors

Question 19

draw a limb toward midline

ex/ levator- close jaws

Answer 19

adductor

Question 20

move limb away from midline

ex/ depressors-open jaws

Answer 20

abductor

Question 21

project part

Answer 21

protractors

Question 22

bring it back

Answer 22

retractors

Question 23

rotators

Answer 23

supinators

pronators

Question 24

turn limbs

Answer 24

rotators

Question 25

rotate palm or sole up

Answer 25

supinators

Question 26

rotate palm or sole down

Answer 26

pronatoes

Question 27

close openings

Answer 27

constrictors or sphincters

Question 28

open openings

Answer 28

dilators

Question 29

muscle contraction is in like with action

Answer 29

parallel/fusiform muscles

Question 30

muscle fibers spread out as a fan from a small insertion site

Answer 30

convergent muscles

Question 31

limb muslces form calls that migrate from_____

Answer 31

myotomes

Question 32

smooth mucles of blood vessels and some viscera

Answer 32

Mesenchyme

Question 33

smooth muscle of viscera and cardiac muscles of heart

Answer 33

hypomere

Question 34

from somites and somitomeres forn along the axial columns

Answer 34

paraxial mesoderm

Question 35

myomeres and limb muscles

Answer 35

somites

Question 36

head and pharyngeal muscles

Answer 36

somitomers

Question 37

below the gills

Answer 37

hypobranchial

Question 38

moving the gills

Answer 38

branchimetric

Question 39

In sharks and primitive fishes the appendicular muscle formes by

Answer 39

myotomes move down into limb buds

Question 40

In teleosts and amniotes the appendicular muscle formes by

Answer 40

mesenchymes streams

Question 41

same ____ genes in amniotes and teleosts and different in chondricthyes

Answer 41

hox

Question 42

close nictitating membrane in tetrapods

Answer 42

retractor bulbi (VI)

Question 43

residents of the nicittating membrane

Answer 43

pica semilunaris

Question 44

one muscle in all amniotes except mammals where it splits into 4

Answer 44

pectoralis

Question 45

amniotes have thee prominent muscles and we do not

Answer 45

epaxial

Question 46

amniotes have 4 groups of hypaxial mscles

Answer 46

1. dorsomedial 2. medial 3. lateral 4. ventral

Question 47

under vertebral column

Answer 47

dorsomedial

Question 48

insdie rib cage, transversus and interal intercostals, internal obliques

Answer 48

medial

Question 49

outisde rib cage, external obliques and intercoastals

Answer 49

lateral

Question 50

derivatives of medial and lateral-rectus abdominis-6pack

Answer 50

ventral

Question 51

trapezius and mastoid groups

Answer 51

branchiometric

Question 52

levator scapulae, rhomboideus complex, serratus muscles

Answer 52

axial muscles

Question 53

squeeze water through pharynx

Answer 53

constricors

Question 54

bend the arch

Answer 54

adductors

Question 55

gill adductor -becomes masseter temporalis and pterygoideus in mammals

Answer 55

adductor mandibulae

Question 56

dorsal

Answer 56

levator pelatoquadRATI

Question 57

becomes stapedius and protects inner ear from loud sounds

Answer 57

depressor mandibulae

Question 58

becomes facial muscles in mammals

Answer 58

interhyoideus

Question 59

generates muscles in embryo

Answer 59

Pax 7