Muscles Flashcards
Three components of muscle function
- moving
- stopping motion
- Electricity
myofibrils with repeating units
sarcomeres
what is it called when contractions can contract themselves
-this is involuntary
intrinsic
-cardiac muscle
attach muscle to bone
tendon
thin flat sheet
aponeurosis
bind parts of the body together
fascia
link bones
ligament
3 connective tissues
- tendon
- fascia
- ligament
transfer force, energetically cheap, and allow finer motion
tendons more fibers (wider) =more strength
are perpendicular to longitudinal axis at thickest area
Morphological CS
area of all muscle fibers perpendicular to their longitudinal axes
Physiological CS
muscles that allow for greater control but reduces strength
-pecrotalis muscles
convergent muscles
action at angle to contraction
-heavy load for a short distance
pennate muscles
sphincters are this kind of muscle
circular muscle
this muscle is better for strength
semimembranosus
this muscle is better for speed
Gluteus medius
bend one part relative to another
flexors
straighten
extensors
draw a limb toward midline
ex/ levator- close jaws
adductor
move limb away from midline
ex/ depressors-open jaws
abductor
project part
protractors
bring it back
retractors
rotators
supinators
pronators
turn limbs
rotators
rotate palm or sole up
supinators
rotate palm or sole down
pronatoes
close openings
constrictors or sphincters
open openings
dilators
muscle contraction is in like with action
parallel/fusiform muscles
muscle fibers spread out as a fan from a small insertion site
convergent muscles
limb muslces form calls that migrate from_____
myotomes
smooth mucles of blood vessels and some viscera
Mesenchyme
smooth muscle of viscera and cardiac muscles of heart
hypomere
from somites and somitomeres forn along the axial columns
paraxial mesoderm
myomeres and limb muscles
somites
head and pharyngeal muscles
somitomers
below the gills
hypobranchial
moving the gills
branchimetric
In sharks and primitive fishes the appendicular muscle formes by
myotomes move down into limb buds
In teleosts and amniotes the appendicular muscle formes by
mesenchymes streams
same ____ genes in amniotes and teleosts and different in chondricthyes
hox
close nictitating membrane in tetrapods
retractor bulbi (VI)
residents of the nicittating membrane
pica semilunaris
one muscle in all amniotes except mammals where it splits into 4
pectoralis
amniotes have thee prominent muscles and we do not
epaxial
amniotes have 4 groups of hypaxial mscles
- dorsomedial
- medial
- lateral
- ventral
under vertebral column
dorsomedial
insdie rib cage, transversus and interal intercostals, internal obliques
medial
outisde rib cage, external obliques and intercoastals
lateral
derivatives of medial and lateral-rectus abdominis-6pack
ventral
trapezius and mastoid groups
branchiometric
levator scapulae, rhomboideus complex, serratus muscles
axial muscles
squeeze water through pharynx
constricors
bend the arch
adductors
gill adductor
-becomes masseter temporalis and pterygoideus in mammals
adductor mandibulae
dorsal
levator pelatoquadRATI
becomes stapedius and protects inner ear from loud sounds
depressor mandibulae
becomes facial muscles in mammals
interhyoideus
generates muscles in embryo
Pax 7