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Pharmacology 2 > Urogenital > Flashcards

Urogenital Flashcards

1
Q

which drug is a sympathomimetic and treats incontinence

A

phenylpropanolamine

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2
Q

what is the result of combining halothane or isoflurane with phenylpropanolamine

A

cardiac arrhythmia

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3
Q

what group of drugs when combined with phenylpropanolamine can lead to increased peripheral vascular resistance

A

Beta blockers

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4
Q

what is phenylpropanolamine used for

A

urethral sphincter mechanism incontinence

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5
Q

other than for urinary incontinence, how can phenylpropanolmine be used in male dogs

A

correct retrograde ejaculation in infertile males

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6
Q

because of the adverse effects of hypertension and tachycardia, what should be done before and after administration of phenylpropanolamine

A

checking BP

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7
Q

which reproductive estrogens can be used to treat urinary incontinence

A

diethylstilbestrol
estriol

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8
Q

in what type and species of animal should the reproductive hormones not be used in

A

intact females or cats

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9
Q

what are the indications of estriol and diethylstibestrol

A

increased urethral tone
treat urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence

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10
Q

what are some adverse effects regarding using estrogens as treatment of urinary incontinence

A

estrus behavioral changes
myelosuppresssion
pyometra
bone marrow suppression

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11
Q

in which animals should phenylpropnaolamine have the biggest contraindications

A

pregnant
lactating

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12
Q

in which animals do the reproductive hormones have the highest contraindicatios

A

pregnant
males – prostatic metaplasia
cats

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13
Q

which reproductive hormone has the least adverse effects

A

diethylstibestrol

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14
Q

which parasympatholytic drugs can be used to treat urinary incontinence

A

oxybutinin
imipramine

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15
Q

what is the effects of oxybutinin

A

reduces max filling and emptying of bladder pressures

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16
Q

what are the indications of oxybutinin

A

used in overactive bladder or detrusor instability
antispasmodic

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17
Q

what is an effect of using oxybutinin with sedatives

A

may increase effects

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18
Q

what is imipramine mostly used for

A

tricyclic antidepressant

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19
Q

how does imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, work for urinary incontinence

A

decrease bladder contractility
increase outlet resistance
local anesthetic on bladder mucosa

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20
Q

in which type of patients should we take caution with when using oxybutinin

A

hypotension

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21
Q

which sympatholytic drugs are used to treat urinary retention

A

phenoxybenzamine
prazosine

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22
Q

which sympatholytic drug is more effective at reducing urethral pressures

A

prazosine

23
Q

which sympatholytic drug can be used more to treat ureterospasms

A

prazosine

24
Q

what are the adverse effects of prazosine

A

hypotension
pallor
collapse
syncope
seizure

25
Q

which drugs should be administered with caution when using sympatholytic drugs to treat urinary retention

A

beta blockers
calcium channel blockers

26
Q

which parasympatholytic drug can be used to treat urinary retention

A

bethanechol

27
Q

what type of drugs is bethanechol combined with

A

alpha adrenergic antagonists
striated muscle relaxants

28
Q

a dog comes in with bladder atony caused by acute overdistention. which drug would you recommend

A

bethanechol

29
Q

what are the adverse effects of bethanechol

A

vomiting
SLUD
bradycardia/ hypotension

30
Q

in which cases should bethanechol not be used

A

untreated urethral obstructions
questionable bladder wall integrity

31
Q

in what cases might bethanechol not be effective

A

patients with chronic bladder overdistention from loss of smooth muscle tight junctions

32
Q

which striated muscle relaxant can be used to treat urinary retention

A

diazepam

33
Q

what is diazepam used to treat in the bladder

A

external urethral sphincter

34
Q

which drugs are used to treat prostatic disease

A

finasteride
osaterone acetate
deslorelin acetate

35
Q

which prostatic disease drug does not have any effect on sperm quality

A

finasteride

36
Q

what is finasteride used to treat

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

37
Q

which anti-androgen drug is used to treat BPH and decreases prostatic volume

A

osaterone acetate

38
Q

which GnRH analogue can be used to treat BPH and decrease prostatic volume over time

A

deslorelin acetate

39
Q

which drugs are the first line options for pyelonephritis

A

enrofloxacin
marbofloxacin

40
Q

what is the adverse effect of enrofloxacin

A

retinopathy in cats

41
Q

which antibiotics can be used to treat chronic prostatitis

A

trimethoprim
clindamycin
erythromucin
ciprofloxacin

42
Q

which antibiotic can be used to treat chronic prostatitis and multidrug resistant UTIs

A

chloramphenicol

43
Q

which antibiotic is the first line option for UTIs

A

amoxicillin

44
Q

which aminoglycoside can be used to treat multi-drug resistant UTIs but can cause nephrotoxicity

A

amikacin

45
Q

which drug should be used in cases of enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas UTIs

A

meropenem

46
Q

if trimethoprim-sulfadiazine is not working for a routine UTI, what is the second best antibiotic

A

nitrofurantion

47
Q

which drugs can be used to treat hypertension from CKD

A

telmisartan
losartan

48
Q

which drugs can be used to treat the anemia caused by CKD

A

epoetin alpha
darbepoetin

49
Q

which drug can be used to manage immune mediated glomerular disease and IMHA

A

mycophenolate

50
Q

which drugs can be used for acute management of multi-systemic immune mediated diseases

A

methylprednisolone
prenisolone

51
Q

what is needed when using furosemide

A

IV fluid therapy and acid-base correction

52
Q

what drug can be used to manage oliguria due to acute kidney injury

A

furosemide

53
Q

what treats vomiting caused by uremia in acute kidney injury

A

famotidine
omeprazole
lansoprazole

Pharmacology 2 (11 decks)

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