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Pharmacology 2 > Ectoparasites > Flashcards

Ectoparasites Flashcards

1
Q

which drug is a phenylpyrazole

A

fipronil

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2
Q

how is fipronil adminstered

A

topical

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3
Q

true or false:
the sebaceous glands can act as a reservoir for the fipronil

A

true

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4
Q

in what species is fipronil used

A

cats
dogs

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5
Q

what is the purpose of fipronil

A

fleas
ticks
biting lice

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6
Q

what is fipronil often combined with

A

methoprene

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7
Q

which drugs are neonicotinoids

A

imidacloprid
nitenpyram

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8
Q

how is imidacloprid administered

A

topical

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9
Q

how is nitenpyram administered

A

orally

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10
Q

true or false
imidacloprid has effects on larvaw

A

true

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11
Q

what species are neonicotinoids used in

A

cats
dogs

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12
Q

what age group should imidacloprid and nitenpyram be used in

A

> 4 months of age

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13
Q

what is imidacloprid combined with to extend the spectrum to ticks and mosquitos

A

permethrin

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14
Q

when should nitenpyram be the first choice

A

when fleas are resistant to fipronil

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15
Q

what is the impact of neonicotinoids on insects

A

rapid death

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16
Q

how are most macrocyclic lactones administered

A

pour-on

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17
Q

which 2 macrocyclic lactones have greater epidermal flux

A

ivermectin
doramectin

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18
Q

which 2 macrocyclic lactones have decreased amount of absorption in the skin

A

eprinomectin
moxidectin

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19
Q

what macrocyclic lactones mainly used to protect against

A

ear mites
scabies
demodectic
lice

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20
Q

in which dogs should ivermectin not be used in

A

animals with MDR1 gene deletion – will cause CNS issues

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21
Q

when should a sub-Q administration be used with macrocyclic lactones

A

clear otodectic, sarcoptic, notoedric mange

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22
Q

in what species is doramectin used in

A

beef cattle
pigs

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23
Q

in what species is eprinomectin used in

A

cattle

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24
Q

in what species is selamectin used in

A

dogs
cats

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25
Q

what are the 2 milbemycins

A

moxidectin
milbemycin

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26
Q

how are milbemycin applied

A

pour-on

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27
Q

true or false:
moxidectin has a milk withdrawal time

A

false
moxidectin does not have a milk withdrawal time due to the low Vd

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28
Q

in what species is moxidectin used in

A

cattle

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29
Q

what does moxidectin protect against

A

lice
mites
horn flies
grubs

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30
Q

in what species is milbemycin used in

A

ear mites
fleas

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31
Q

which macrocyclic lactone has the slowest absorption into the skin

A

doramectin

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32
Q

which 2 macrocyclic lactones have no withdrawal time for milk

A

eprinomectin
moxidectin

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33
Q

what is the 1st generation pyrethroids

A

allethrin

34
Q

how is allethrin adminstered

A

shampoo

35
Q

what is the 2nd generation pyrethroids

A

phenothrin

36
Q

how is phenothrin administered

A

topical

37
Q

what is the 3rd generation pyrethroid

A

permethrin
fenvalerate

38
Q

how is permethrin administered

A

spray
pour on

39
Q

in what species is permethrin used in

A

dogs
cattle
swine

40
Q

what is permethrin used to protect against

A

fleas
ticks
mites
lice

41
Q

how is fenvalerate administered

A

ear tag

42
Q

in what species is fenvalerate used in

A

cattle

43
Q

what are the 4th generation pyrethroids

A

cyfluthrin
cypermethrin

44
Q

in what species is cyfluthrin used in

A

cattle

45
Q

in what species is cypermethrin used in

A

horses

46
Q

how is cyfluthrin administered

A

ear tag
pour - on

47
Q

how is cypermethrin administered in horses

A

spray

48
Q

what is the 5th generation pyrethroid

A

beta-cyfluthrin

49
Q

in what species is the 5th generation pyrethroid used in

A

cattle

50
Q

how do pyrethrins work

A

they interfere with the Na channels of the ectoparasite

51
Q

true or false:

pyrethrins have a repellent effect on flies

A

true

52
Q

what are pyrethroids broad spectrum against

A

fleas
lice
ticks
mites

53
Q

which types of animals are sensitive to pyrethroids and can be toxic

A

cats
aquatic animals

54
Q

what is the main adverse effect of organophosphates

A

SLUDD

55
Q

true or false:

organophosphates make great pour on drugs

A

false
they have minimal penetration through skin

56
Q

what are the carbamate drugs

A

carbaryl
propxur

57
Q

what is the route of administration for carbaryl

A

shampoo
dust

58
Q

what is the route of administration for propoxur

A

flea and tick collar

59
Q

true or false:

the clinical use is limited for carbamates

A

true

60
Q

what can carbamates be used for

A

fleas
lice
ticks
mites

61
Q

what are the insect development inhibitors

A

lufenuron
difubenzuron

62
Q

how are the insect development inhibitors administered

A

orally

63
Q

where are the insect developement inhibitors metabolized and excreted

A

liver metabolism
bile excretion

64
Q

which insect development inhibitor used against stable flies

A

difubenzuron

65
Q

when would you see the best results from insect development inhibitors

A

administration with adulticides

66
Q

insect development inhibitors should not be used in what type of animals

A

lactating

67
Q

what is the worst adverse effect of IDI

A

convulsions in toxic doses

68
Q

what are the isoxalines

A

fluralaner
afoxolaner
lotilaner
sarolaner

69
Q

how are isoxalines administered

A

oral

70
Q

which isoxaline can be administered topically

A

fluralaner

71
Q

how would you classify isoxalines

A

insecticidal and acaricidal

72
Q

what are the adverse effects of isoxalines

A

seizures
ataxia
shaking

73
Q

what drug is a formamidine

A

amitraz

74
Q

true or false:

amitraz inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
– do not use in pregnant or nursing animals

A

true

75
Q

what are the adverse effects of amitraz in horses

A

sedation
colon obstipation

76
Q

which species is sensitive to toxicity of amitraz

A

cats

77
Q

in what breed of dog can amitraz not be used in

A

chihuahuas

78
Q

which drug can be combined with pyrethroids & pyrethrins to enhance their activity

A

piperonyl butoxide

79
Q

how is piperonyl butoxide administered

A

topical

80
Q

which ectoparasite drug works with pyrethrins and pyrethroids in formulas

A

diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)

81
Q

which drug is used as an anti-itch

A

oclacitinib (apoquel)

Pharmacology 2 (11 decks)

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