Anti-Helmintics Flashcards
how are benzimidazoles administered
orally
in which species of animals are benzimidazoles most effective in
ruminants
which benzimidazole is used in poultry and fish only
flubendazole
which benzimidazoles are teratogenic
oxfendazole
albendazole
which benzimidazoles are ovicidal
fenbendazole
albendazole
which benzimidazole has the broadest spectrum
albendazole
what is albendazole effective against
L4 larvae and adults
type 2 ostertagiasis
in what species can albendazole be used in
cattle
sheep
dogs
cats
which benzimidazole is used to treat L3 larvae ingested in spring and Type 1 ostertagiasis
ricobendazole
which benzimidazole is used against tapeworms, intestinal nematodes and lungworms
fenbendazole
which benzimidazole has no nematode activity
tricalbendazole
which drug is a pro-benzimidazole
fenbantel
which drug is a imidazothiazole
levamisole
what is levamisole used against
GI and Lung nematodes
in which species is levamisole normally used
ruminants
dogs
swine
what are the adverse effects of levamisole
SLUDD
true or false:
levamisole is the most safe to use in a horse
false
it has a narrow safety margin in horses
what does levamisole not work against
cestodes
trematodes
what is cross resistant with levamisole
pyrantel and morantel
true or false:
imidazolthiazoles and tetrahydropyrimidines would have synergistic effects
false
they cross react
which drugs are tetrahydropyrimidines
pyrantel
morantel
what are tetrahydropyrimidines effective against
adult stage of GI nematodes
what can occur in extremely high doses of tetrahydropyrimidines
death in horse
ataxia in cows
true or false:
tetrahydropyrimidines have a narrower spectrum than levamisole because they only cover the GI nematodes
true
how is morantel excreted
un-metabolized in feces
in which species can tetrahydropyrimidines be given orally
dogs
pigs
in which species is it not a good idea to give morantel or pyrantel orally
ruminants
which drug is a cyclodepsipeptide
emodepside
what is the a good topical combination in cats
emodepside
praziquantel
in dogs and cats, what is emodepside combined with for protection against nematodes and cestodes
pyraziquantel
in puppies, what is emodepside combined with for protection against coccidia and nematodes
toltrazuril
what are the adverse effects of cyclodepsipeptides
SLUDD in animals with MDR-1 mutation
which drug is an amino-acetronitrile derivative
monepantel
in what species is monepantel used in
ruminants
what is the main used of monepantel
most effective against strains of nematodes resistant to benzimidazoles, levamisole, macrocyclic lactones and closantel
what stages of nematode is monepantel effective against
adult and larval
what drug is a spironidole
derquantel
what is derquantel effective against
adult and L4 larval nematodes
what is derquantel combined with
abamectin
which drug is a heartworm adulticide
melarsomine
what is used to pretreat with the use of melarsomine
doxycycline and macrocyclic lactones
what can be used as a possible antidote to melarsomine
dimercaprol
which drugs are anti-cestodal
praziquantel
epsiprantel
in what species do you use praziquantel or epsiprantel
dogs
cats
horses
ruminants
what is praziquantel mostly used to treat
trematodes / tapeworms
what is the adverse effect of praziquantel
dogs vomiting at high doses
what is the adverse effect of epsiprantel
emesis in prolonged treatment
what is taeniafuges
expulsion of tapeworms from the host
what is praziquantel combined with in horses
ivermectin or moxidectin
which anti-cestodal is poorly orally absorbed
epsiprantel
which drug is a nitrophenolic compound
nitroxynil
how si nitroxynil administered
SQ
what is nitroxynil effective against
adult liver flukes
what are the adverse effects of nitroxynil
hyperthermia
hyperpnea
in what animals should nitroxynil not be used in
dairy animals
in what species are nitroxynil used in
sheep
goats
cattle
which drugs are salicylanilides
closantel
oxyclozanide
which salicylanilide is not effective against paramphistome flukes
closantel
what can closantel be combined with
ivermectin
what can oxyclozanide be combined with
levamisole
in what species are the most adverse effects seen with oxyclozanide
ruminants
which drug is a bencenesulfonamide
clorsulon
what is clorsulon mostly effective against
mature liver flukes
what species is clorsulon mostly effective in
cattle
what is clorsulon combined with
ivermectin
which benzimidazole is useful against liver flukes >12 weeks
albendazole
how is ivermectin administered
oral in horse/ pig
SQ in pig
how is moxidectin administered
oral in horse/ dog
sustained injection in dog
how is doramectin administered
IM in pigs
how is selamectin administered
topical in dogs and cats
what is the main use of avermectins in dogs
prevent heartworm / kill larval stages
which avermectins should not be used in dairy animals
ivermectin
doramectin
which avermectin has the least distribution to milk
eprinomectin
which avermectin can lead to toxicity in MDR-1 mutant dogs
selamectin
