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Pharmacology 2 > Anti-Helmintics > Flashcards

Anti-Helmintics Flashcards

1
Q

how are benzimidazoles administered

A

orally

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2
Q

in which species of animals are benzimidazoles most effective in

A

ruminants

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3
Q

which benzimidazole is used in poultry and fish only

A

flubendazole

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4
Q

which benzimidazoles are teratogenic

A

oxfendazole
albendazole

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5
Q

which benzimidazoles are ovicidal

A

fenbendazole
albendazole

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6
Q

which benzimidazole has the broadest spectrum

A

albendazole

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7
Q

what is albendazole effective against

A

L4 larvae and adults
type 2 ostertagiasis

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8
Q

in what species can albendazole be used in

A

cattle
sheep
dogs
cats

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9
Q

which benzimidazole is used to treat L3 larvae ingested in spring and Type 1 ostertagiasis

A

ricobendazole

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10
Q

which benzimidazole is used against tapeworms, intestinal nematodes and lungworms

A

fenbendazole

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11
Q

which benzimidazole has no nematode activity

A

tricalbendazole

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12
Q

which drug is a pro-benzimidazole

A

fenbantel

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13
Q

which drug is a imidazothiazole

A

levamisole

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14
Q

what is levamisole used against

A

GI and Lung nematodes

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15
Q

in which species is levamisole normally used

A

ruminants
dogs
swine

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16
Q

what are the adverse effects of levamisole

A

SLUDD

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17
Q

true or false:
levamisole is the most safe to use in a horse

A

false
it has a narrow safety margin in horses

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18
Q

what does levamisole not work against

A

cestodes
trematodes

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19
Q

what is cross resistant with levamisole

A

pyrantel and morantel

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20
Q

true or false:

imidazolthiazoles and tetrahydropyrimidines would have synergistic effects

A

false
they cross react

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21
Q

which drugs are tetrahydropyrimidines

A

pyrantel
morantel

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22
Q

what are tetrahydropyrimidines effective against

A

adult stage of GI nematodes

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23
Q

what can occur in extremely high doses of tetrahydropyrimidines

A

death in horse
ataxia in cows

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24
Q

true or false:

tetrahydropyrimidines have a narrower spectrum than levamisole because they only cover the GI nematodes

A

true

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25
Q

how is morantel excreted

A

un-metabolized in feces

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26
Q

in which species can tetrahydropyrimidines be given orally

A

dogs
pigs

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27
Q

in which species is it not a good idea to give morantel or pyrantel orally

A

ruminants

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28
Q

which drug is a cyclodepsipeptide

A

emodepside

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29
Q

what is the a good topical combination in cats

A

emodepside
praziquantel

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30
Q

in dogs and cats, what is emodepside combined with for protection against nematodes and cestodes

A

pyraziquantel

31
Q

in puppies, what is emodepside combined with for protection against coccidia and nematodes

A

toltrazuril

32
Q

what are the adverse effects of cyclodepsipeptides

A

SLUDD in animals with MDR-1 mutation

33
Q

which drug is an amino-acetronitrile derivative

A

monepantel

34
Q

in what species is monepantel used in

A

ruminants

35
Q

what is the main used of monepantel

A

most effective against strains of nematodes resistant to benzimidazoles, levamisole, macrocyclic lactones and closantel

36
Q

what stages of nematode is monepantel effective against

A

adult and larval

37
Q

what drug is a spironidole

A

derquantel

38
Q

what is derquantel effective against

A

adult and L4 larval nematodes

39
Q

what is derquantel combined with

A

abamectin

40
Q

which drug is a heartworm adulticide

A

melarsomine

41
Q

what is used to pretreat with the use of melarsomine

A

doxycycline and macrocyclic lactones

42
Q

what can be used as a possible antidote to melarsomine

A

dimercaprol

43
Q

which drugs are anti-cestodal

A

praziquantel
epsiprantel

44
Q

in what species do you use praziquantel or epsiprantel

A

dogs
cats
horses
ruminants

45
Q

what is praziquantel mostly used to treat

A

trematodes / tapeworms

46
Q

what is the adverse effect of praziquantel

A

dogs vomiting at high doses

47
Q

what is the adverse effect of epsiprantel

A

emesis in prolonged treatment

48
Q

what is taeniafuges

A

expulsion of tapeworms from the host

49
Q

what is praziquantel combined with in horses

A

ivermectin or moxidectin

50
Q

which anti-cestodal is poorly orally absorbed

A

epsiprantel

51
Q

which drug is a nitrophenolic compound

A

nitroxynil

52
Q

how si nitroxynil administered

A

SQ

53
Q

what is nitroxynil effective against

A

adult liver flukes

54
Q

what are the adverse effects of nitroxynil

A

hyperthermia
hyperpnea

55
Q

in what animals should nitroxynil not be used in

A

dairy animals

56
Q

in what species are nitroxynil used in

A

sheep
goats
cattle

57
Q

which drugs are salicylanilides

A

closantel
oxyclozanide

58
Q

which salicylanilide is not effective against paramphistome flukes

A

closantel

59
Q

what can closantel be combined with

A

ivermectin

60
Q

what can oxyclozanide be combined with

A

levamisole

61
Q

in what species are the most adverse effects seen with oxyclozanide

A

ruminants

62
Q

which drug is a bencenesulfonamide

A

clorsulon

63
Q

what is clorsulon mostly effective against

A

mature liver flukes

64
Q

what species is clorsulon mostly effective in

A

cattle

65
Q

what is clorsulon combined with

A

ivermectin

66
Q

which benzimidazole is useful against liver flukes >12 weeks

A

albendazole

67
Q

how is ivermectin administered

A

oral in horse/ pig
SQ in pig

68
Q

how is moxidectin administered

A

oral in horse/ dog
sustained injection in dog

69
Q

how is doramectin administered

A

IM in pigs

70
Q

how is selamectin administered

A

topical in dogs and cats

71
Q

what is the main use of avermectins in dogs

A

prevent heartworm / kill larval stages

72
Q

which avermectins should not be used in dairy animals

A

ivermectin
doramectin

73
Q

which avermectin has the least distribution to milk

A

eprinomectin

74
Q

which avermectin can lead to toxicity in MDR-1 mutant dogs

A

selamectin

Pharmacology 2 (11 decks)

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