Urinlaysis and GFR softchalk Flashcards
What is the most common constituent of urinary calculi?
Calcium (oxalate > phosphate)
If serum Ca is high with Calcium0-containing stones, what is possible cause?
hyperparathyroidism
What 2 conditions are uric acid stones sometimes associated with
sometimes hyperuricemia +/- gout
Precipitation of Uric acid stones is favored by what condition
low pH urine
uric acid stones look like?
small, friable, yellow-brown
Cysteine Stones precipitate in what conditions
acidic urine
Cysteine Stones are seen in what condition
homozygous cystinuria
What drug can be used to treat Cysteine Stones
Penicillamine
a family history of stones suggests what?
cysteinuria
Hypercalcemia with hypophosphatemia suggests what condition?
hyperparathyroidism
What 2 findings in urine are specific for glomerular leakage
RBC casts and acanthocytes
Protein electrophoresis shows a dense albumin and a relatively clear gamma region. This is most consistent with:
Glomerular nephritis
What is measured to differentiate between if glomerular nephritis is systemic or largely renal with little systemic involvement.
The presence of serum complement C3 and C4 indicates systemic involvement.
In Glomerulonephritis: If Serum complement level is high, what are the 3 possible systemic diseases present
- SLE
- Subacute bacterial endocarditis
- Cryoglobulinemia
In Glomerulonephritis: If Serum complement level is high, what are the 2 possible renal diseases present
- Acute post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
2. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (types I and II)
In Glomerulonephritis: If Serum complement level is normal, what are the 4 possible renal diseases present
1) IgA nephropathy
2) Idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerular nephritis.
3) Anti-basement membrane disease
4) Immune complex.
In Glomerulonephritis: If Serum complement level is normal, what are the 4 possible systemic diseases present
1) Polyarteritis Nodosa Group
2) Hypersensitivity vasculitis.
3) Wegener’s granulomatosis.
4) Henoch-Scönlein purpura
What disease is associated with c-ANCA positive
Wegeners granulomatous vasculitis.
Cold agglutinins positive is associated with what disease
mycoplasma
Henoch Schonlein purpura is associated with what finding
IgA IC deposition in kidney
Anti GLomerular Basement Mb antibodies are associated with what disease?
Goodpasture’s disease
Antistreptolysin O and streptozyme were positive indicates what disease?
Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.
What is the MOA of Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
This disease is autoimmune caused by antibodies against group A streptococcal antigens that cross-react with kidney tissue.
High Citrate levels do what in regards to calcium stones?
lead to solubility of calcium = no stones
What is a normal urine volume.
1.5 liters
Most stones are caused by what?
idiopathic
Tubular damage gives rise to proteinuria consisting of? a
dense gamma and little albumin
