Urinlaysis and GFR softchalk

Question 1

What is the most common constituent of urinary calculi?

Answer 1

Calcium (oxalate > phosphate)

Question 2

If serum Ca is high with Calcium0-containing stones, what is possible cause?

Answer 2

hyperparathyroidism

Question 3

What 2 conditions are uric acid stones sometimes associated with

Answer 3

sometimes hyperuricemia +/- gout

Question 4

Precipitation of Uric acid stones is favored by what condition

Answer 4

low pH urine

Question 5

uric acid stones look like?

Answer 5

small, friable, yellow-brown

Question 6

Cysteine Stones precipitate in what conditions

Answer 6

acidic urine

Question 7

Cysteine Stones are seen in what condition

Answer 7

homozygous cystinuria

Question 8

What drug can be used to treat Cysteine Stones

Answer 8

Penicillamine

Question 9

a family history of stones suggests what?

Answer 9

cysteinuria

Question 10

Hypercalcemia with hypophosphatemia suggests what condition?

Answer 10

hyperparathyroidism

Question 11

What 2 findings in urine are specific for glomerular leakage

Answer 11

RBC casts and acanthocytes

Question 12

Protein electrophoresis shows a dense albumin and a relatively clear gamma region. This is most consistent with:

Answer 12

Glomerular nephritis

Question 13

What is measured to differentiate between if glomerular nephritis is systemic or largely renal with little systemic involvement.

Answer 13

The presence of serum complement C3 and C4 indicates systemic involvement.

Question 14

In Glomerulonephritis: If Serum complement level is high, what are the 3 possible systemic diseases present

Answer 14

1. SLE
2. Subacute bacterial endocarditis
3. Cryoglobulinemia

Question 15

In Glomerulonephritis: If Serum complement level is high, what are the 2 possible renal diseases present

Answer 15

1. Acute post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

2. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (types I and II)

Question 16

In Glomerulonephritis: If Serum complement level is normal, what are the 4 possible renal diseases present

Answer 16

1) IgA nephropathy
2) Idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerular nephritis.
3) Anti-basement membrane disease
4) Immune complex.

Question 17

In Glomerulonephritis: If Serum complement level is normal, what are the 4 possible systemic diseases present

Answer 17

1) Polyarteritis Nodosa Group
2) Hypersensitivity vasculitis.
3) Wegener’s granulomatosis.
4) Henoch-Scönlein purpura

Question 18

What disease is associated with c-ANCA positive

Answer 18

Wegeners granulomatous vasculitis.

Question 19

Cold agglutinins positive is associated with what disease

Answer 19

mycoplasma

Question 20

Henoch Schonlein purpura is associated with what finding

Answer 20

IgA IC deposition in kidney

Question 21

Anti GLomerular Basement Mb antibodies are associated with what disease?

Answer 21

Goodpasture’s disease

Question 22

Antistreptolysin O and streptozyme were positive indicates what disease?

Answer 22

Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.

Question 23

What is the MOA of Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Answer 23

This disease is autoimmune caused by antibodies against group A streptococcal antigens that cross-react with kidney tissue.

Question 24

High Citrate levels do what in regards to calcium stones?

Answer 24

lead to solubility of calcium = no stones

Question 25

What is a normal urine volume.

Answer 25

1.5 liters

Question 26

Most stones are caused by what?

Answer 26

idiopathic

Question 27

Tubular damage gives rise to proteinuria consisting of? a

Answer 27

dense gamma and little albumin