Class: UTIs - E.coli and others Flashcards

1
Q

MacConkey Agar grows what two types of organisms and shows what color

A

gram (-)

lactose fermenters = pink (lactase+)

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2
Q

MC encountered enterobacteriaceae

A

e. coli

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3
Q

E.coli activity on Blood agar

A

B-hemolytic

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4
Q

4 virulence factors fro e. coli

A

LPS = endotoxin
Capsule (contains K-antigen )
Pili (fimbriae)
Hemolysin

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5
Q

Type -1 fimbriae of E.coli bare specific for what

A

mannose on epithelial surface

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6
Q

P-fimbriae of e.coli are specific for what

A

bind to Gal-Gal on P blood-group antigen

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7
Q

what is most important virulence factor

A

K-antigen

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8
Q

what serotype of the K-antigen is most invasive

A

K1 serotype

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9
Q

most UTIs are caused by

A

e. coli

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10
Q

2 complications of e.coli infx

A

neonatla meningitis

bactermia/sepsis

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11
Q

how does e.coli bind uroepithelial cells

A

type-1 fimbriae

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12
Q

where do e.coli bacteria live exaclty

A

invade and replicate in epithelial cells = intracellular!!!!

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13
Q

2 complications of e. coli UTIs

A

cystitis

pyelonephritis

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14
Q

what type of e.coli infx is the 2nd MC cuase of community acquired sepsis?

A

UTI

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15
Q

E. coli is the MC cause of what nosocomial inx?

A

PNA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! - it is #1!!!

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16
Q

urine dipstick tests fro what 2 chemical

A

leukocytes esterase

nitrites

17
Q

2 other invasive infx of E.coli (other than nosocomial PNA)

A

neonatal meningitis

bacteremia/septic shock/dissemination–> PNA

18
Q

Enterobacter family is resistant to what family of ABX

A

3rd gen cephalosporins

19
Q

Enterobacter family is usually susceptible to what 2 groups of drugs

A

β-lactamase inhibitors and carbapenems

20
Q

what bacteria is a carbapenemase that merged in 2000s

A

Klebsiella

21
Q

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase is resistant to what classes? (2)

A

all β-lactam antibiotics,

including carbapenems

22
Q

What is tx for UTI

A

Start empirically: TMP-SMX

23
Q

CRE/KPC strains are usually still susceptible to what

A
Dual therapy (ALWAYS USE 2)
tigecycline and colistin (polymyxin B)
24
Q

What is Klebsiella’s major virulence factor for invasive disease

A

– large mucoid capsule

25
Klebsiella is the only bacteria of enterobacter family that causes what?
Community Acquired PNA
26
CAPNA pts produce what that identifies Klebsiella as cause
thick “currant jelly” sputum.
27
Klebsiella PNA common in wht 3 populations?
alcoholics, DM, COPD
28
"swarming motility" describes what bacteria
Proteus
29
Proteus causes what unique thing
staghorn calculus
30
Proteus is positive for what enzyme
urease
31
Cronobacter (Enterobacter) sakazakii is associated with what?
associated with contaminated powdered (dry) infant formula
32
Cronobacter (Enterobacter) sakazakii causes what 3 things
neonatal sepsis, meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis