Urinary Tract Functional Anatomy

Question 1

what are the 6 organs of the urinary system

Answer 1

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 bladder, 1 urethra

Question 2

what is the main function of the urinary system?

Answer 2

excretion: separation of wastes from body fluids and the elimination of them

mostly metabolic nitrogenous wastes:

urea-> made by the breakdown of aa’s in the liver
uric acid-> made by the breakdown of nucleotides
creatinine-> made by muscle cells from the breakdown of creatinine phosphate

Question 3

bean shaped and smooth kidney

Answer 3

carnivores, pig, horse (left), small ruminant

Question 4

heart shaped and smooth kidney

Answer 4

horse (right)

Question 5

lobated kidney

Answer 5

ox

Question 6

what species have a pendulous left kidney?

Answer 6

cat and ruminant

Question 7

the right kidney is more cranial except in __

Answer 7

pigs

Question 8

adrenal glands are found cranially except in __

Answer 8

horses

Question 9

unilobar/unipyramidal kidney parenchyma

Answer 9

renal crest

carnivore, horse, small ruminants

Question 10

multilobar/multipyramidal kidney parenchyma

Answer 10

pig, ox

Question 11

the nephron consists of the renal __ and __ and associated vasculature

Answer 11

renal corpuscle and renale tubule

Question 12

whats in the cortex concerning renal circulation?

Answer 12

peri-tubular capillaries branch off of the efferent arterioles supplying the tissue near the glomerulus, the proximal and distal convoluted tubules

Question 13

whats in the medulla concerning renal circulation?

Answer 13

the efferent arterioles give rise to the vasa recta, supplying the nephron loop portion of the nephron

Question 14

renal corpuscle parts

Answer 14

glomerulus
bowman capsule
- parietal layer
- visceral layer
- capsular space

Question 15

proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 15

simple cuboidal epithelium with prominent microvilli to facilitate resorption

Question 16

loop of henle

Answer 16

descending limb and ascending limb
- thick segments: simple cuboidal epithelium
- thin segments: simple squamous epithelium

Question 17

distal convoluted tubule

Answer 17

cuboidal epithelium without microvilli

Question 18

collecting duct

Answer 18

papillary duct: formed by merger of several collecting ducts
- multiple papillary ducts end in the tip of each papilla

Question 19

cortical nephrons have __ nephron loops and are involved in __ while Juxtamedullary nephron have ___ nephron loops and are involved in __

Answer 19

short, reabsorption

long, maintaining hyperosmolar renal medullary interstitial and concentrate filtrate

Question 20

cortical labyrinth

Answer 20

glomeruli
PCT
macula densa
DCT

Question 21

medullary ray

Answer 21

proximal straight tubule or pars recta
cortical thick ascending limb
cortical collected duct

Question 22

what are the contents of the outer strip of the medulla?

Answer 22

• proximal straight tubule
• medullary thick ascending limb
• medullary collecting duct

Question 23

what are the contents of the inner strip of the medulla?

Answer 23

• thin descending limb
• thick ascending limb
• medullary collecting duct

Question 24

what are the contents of the inner medulla?

Answer 24

• thin descending limbs
• thin ascending limbs
• medullary collecting ducts

Question 25

renal innervation is only __ from the splanchnic nerves

Answer 25

sympathetic

Question 26

renal vascular supply

Answer 26

internal iliac

Question 27

urination is __ stimulation through the __ nerve

Answer 27

parasympathetic, pelvic nerve

Question 28

the __ nerve acts on the smooth muscles of the neck of the bladder

Answer 28

hypogastric

Question 29

what provides somatic innervation to the bladder

Answer 29

pudendal nerve