Pharmacology of the Urogenital Sys

Question 1

enalapril and benazepril inhibit __ enzyme, which blocks the conversion of __ to __ causing vasoconstriction and reduced retention of __ and
__.

Answer 1

angtiotensin converting, ang I to II, sodium and water

Question 2

ACEi’s are useful in the treatment of __ and__ because they __ protein loss and development of glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial lesions

Answer 2

nephropathy (proteinuria) and renal hypertension, decrease

Question 3

side effect of ACEi’s include __ and severe __ in overdose situations and risks are increased by __ and __

Answer 3

azotemia, hypotension, renal disease and dehydration

Question 4

telmisartan

Answer 4

an angiotensin receptor blocker that inhibits the AT1 angiotensin receptor subtype. This drug has similar effects to enalapril/benazepril, and has recently been FDA approved for use in cats

Question 5

diltiazem and amlodipine block __ channels with __ being the drug of choice to treat hypertension in cats and is a good__

Answer 5

calcium, amlodipine, monotherapy

Question 6

T/F: amlodipine can be used transdermally

Answer 6

T but for mild to moderate hypertension only

Question 7

adverse effects of amlodipine in dogs includes __

Answer 7

gingival hyperplasia

Question 8

DES is a nonsteroidal __ derivative that is used to treat urinary incontinence in early spay dogs. It can be administered __ but has the potential to __ bone marrow.

Answer 8

estrogen, infrequently, suppress

Question 9

DES can be absorbed through the __ causing __ in humans and is prohibited in __.

Answer 9

skin, cancer, food animals

Question 10

DES must be __ but a similar drug _ is approved for use in dogs

Answer 10

compounded, estriol

Question 11

phenylpropanolamine

Answer 11

works on the sympathomimetics at the alpha receptor and can be used to treat urinary incontinence. Can be combined with DES or estriol and has hypertension as a side effect

Question 12

drugs to treat urine retention

Answer 12

prazosin
bethanechol
benzodiazepams

Question 13

drugs to treat urinary incontinence

Answer 13

DES and phenylpropanolamine

Question 14

antihypertensives

Answer 14

enalapril, benazapril, telmisartan, diltiazem

Question 15

prazosin

Answer 15

alpha adrenergic receptor antagonist that decreased tone of internal urethral sphincter. adverse effects of hypotension, tachycardia and GI

Question 16

bethanechol

Answer 16

works on the muscarinic receptors on the bladder stimulating contraction of the detruser muscle and relaxation of the trigone and sphincters. Be careful administering to animals with urethral obstruction as it may result in bladder rupture

Question 17

benzos for urine retenion tx

Answer 17

diazepam and midazolam are sometimes used as pre-meds bc they cause muscle relaxation and sedation

Question 18

phenazopyridine

Answer 18

urinary anesthetic that is used to treat the symptoms of UTIs and can be used post-operatively in horses and goats after bladder sx. TURNS URINE ORANGE. DO NOT USED IN CATS/DOGS