Urinary Pathology Flashcards
describe renal failure
occurs when there is a 75% loss of renal function; BUN and creatinine are elevated in the blood
describe uremia
part of renal failure where toxins from metabolism accumulate in the blood bc the failing kidney can’t excrete them producing extrarenal lesions
renal agenesis
absence of one or both kidneys
renal hypoplasia
failure of one or both kidneys to develop to normal size
renal dysplasia
disorganized development of the kidney due to anomalous differentiation
polycystic kidney disease
inherited dz that causes cysts in the kidney and other organs
renal cysts
do not result in renal failure, congenital or acquired secondary to fibrosis in chronic renal disease
do infarcts result in renal failure?
no, they become pale and tan after 3 days and eventually heal with a linear scar depressed on the cortical surface
papillary necrosis and what causes it
necrosis of the renal crest or papilla, caused by NSAIDS
hydronephrosis
dilation of the renal pelvis associated with atrophy of the medulla due to pressure. Obstruction of the ureter, urinary bladder or urethra is the cause. eventual renal failure and death
glomerulonephritis hallmark
proteinuria, the immune complexes damage the basement membrane causing loss of albumin and hypoproteinemia
thickened basement membrane
Amyloidosis
amyloid is an extracellular fiber that is commonly deposited in the glomerulus and also the renal medulla in cats. The AA fibril forms in chronic inflammatory disease.
amyloidosis grossly
enlarged with thickened cortices. Cats specifically will have medullary fibrosis and necrosis and the kidneys are firm and shrunken
Acute Tubular necrosis
ischemia or nephrotoxins and leads to acute renal failure and oliguria
kidneys will be pale and swollen with hemoglobin/myoglobin induced tubular necrosis
proximal convoluted tubules are most affected and can regenerate if the basement membrane isn’t affected (remains intact with nephrotoxins)
interstitial nephritis
inflammation of the interstitium of the renal cortex and is usually hematogenous in origin and part of the systemic disease (virus, bacti, protozoa,etc. )
multifocal lesions or diffusely affected
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and may be acute or chronic. The inflammation typically extends into the cortex but is more severe in the pelvis.
bacti infx of lower urinary tract with some degree of obstruction or stasis
hydronephrosis and necrosis of renal papilla
Stephanurus dentatus
a nemotode of swine that encysts in the renal peripelvic tissue with a communication into the ureter at the renal pelvis
dioctophyma renale
giant kidney worm of dog. The nemotode is red and can be 100mm long and encysts in the renal pelvus or peritoneum
most kidney neoplasms are __
metastatic
renal carcinoma
most common primary kidney neoplasm in the dog, highly metastatic with poor prognosis
nephroblastoma
occurs in young pigs and chickens and less often dogs. benign in pigs
ectopic ureter
occurs in dogs where the ureter empties into the urethra, vagina, vas deferens or neck of the urinary bladder
patent urachus
occurs in foals. The urachus fails to close allowing urine to leak from the umbilicus
urethrorectal or rectovaginal fistula
communication between the urethra and rectum in males or the vagina and rectum in females
