Pathology Flashcards
morphology vs function in endocrine organs
variation in function can exist without morphologic changes and vice versa
what hormones are released in response to acute v chronic stress? what are their actions?
acute** stress: cause release of **vasoactive amines **that increase glucose and cause cardiovascular changes
chronic stress: causes release of glucocorticoids that reduce inflammation and increase glucose
pituitary aplasia
lack of development of the pituitary, most commonly in ruminants due to viruses or ingestion of toxic plants during gestation
Rathke’s Cleft Cyst
formation of a cyst in the pituitary leading to panhypopituitarism and subsequent dwarfism
waterhouse-frederichsen syndrome
acute adrenal failure secondary to adrenocortical hemorrhage that develops secondary to sepsis or severe stress
what infectious agent is associated with pituitary abscess and necrosis?
herpesvirus
inflammation in endocrine organs is often __
autoimmune (thyroid in dogs/chickens and pancreas in cats)
hyperplasia
in response to a stimulus
lesions not well demarcated
reversible
neoplasia
- caused by uncontrolled cells that do not respond to normal signaling
- lesions well demarcated
- irreversible
pituitary adenomas cause what clinical diseases in dogs, cats and horses?
dogs and horses: cushings
cats: acromegaly and diabetes mellitus
pheochromocytoma
malignant tumor of the adrenal medulla that may be functional and cause hind limb edema +/- blood pressure problems
adenocarcinoma is most common in what endocrine organ?
thyroid gland (follicular cells)
malignant tumors of the pancreas most commonly metastasize to what organ?
liver
malignant tumors of the thyroid most commonly metastasize to what organ?
lungs
benign adenomas are commonly found in what organs in different species?
horses: thyroid
bulls: parafollicular thyroid cells
dogs: parathyroid gland, aortic and carotid bodies (heart base tumors), adrenal cortex
