Hypothal/Pituitary Basics

Question 1

how do the brain and the endocrine system interact to affect control of body systems?

Answer 1

the systems have two way communication where:
1. brain receives information from the body through the blood
2. brain processes that information and uses it to control secretion of hormones
3. hormones go to the body to affect function

Question 2

The brain secretes hormones __ through the posterior pituitary gland

Answer 2

directly

Question 3

The brain secretes hormones __ through the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 3

indirectly

Question 4

neurotransmitters are chemical messengers are released and act __

Answer 4

locally, ex. ACH

Question 5

neurohormones are releases into the __ and effect cells at a distant site

Answer 5

blood ex. ADH and oxytocin

Question 6

neurohormones and neurotransmitters are both produced in ___

Answer 6

neurons

Question 7

describe classic mechanism endocrine hormones

Answer 7

they are released into the blood by endocrine cells (not neurons) and travel to affect cells at a distant site, ex. ACTH, TSH or insulin

Question 8

describe extended definition endocrine hormones

Answer 8

they are released by an endocrine cell and have local effects on adjacent cells or on the original cell that secreted them, ex. estrogen or testosterone

Question 9

in the central neuroendocrine the neural part is the __ receiving, processing and initiating while the endocrine part is the __

Answer 9

hypothalamus, pituitary

Question 10

what are the 2 responses to the peripheral system of the central system?

Answer 10

1. homeostasis
2. neuroendocrine reflexes (sudden hypovolemia or oxytocin)

Question 11

hypophysis is the __

Answer 11

pituitary

Question 12

ACTH and TSH cause production and secretion of another hormone making them __ hormones

Answer 12

tropic

Question 13

T/F Trophic does not necessarily have to be a hormone, ex. GF

Answer 13

T

Question 14

endocrine feedback loops are usually

Answer 14

negative

Question 15

what are the two parts of the pituitary stalk?

Answer 15

infundibulum and pars tuberalis

Question 16

the infundibulum is __ tissue and connects to the __ pituitary gland while the pars tuberalis is __ tissue that connects to the __ pituitary gland

Answer 16

neural, posterior

glandular, anterior

Question 17

the anterior pituitary has 2 parts, what are they?

Answer 17

the pars distalis and pars tuberalis

Question 18

derived from the neuroectoderm, the posterior pituitary arises from __ tissue while the anterior arises from __

Answer 18

neural = post
mesoderm = ant

Question 19

how does the hypothalamus communicate with the pituitary?

Answer 19

hypophyseal portal system

Question 20

which pituitary has 2 capillary beds?

Answer 20

anterior

Question 21

the anterior pituitary __ hormones to target cells of the body while the posterior pituitary __ hormones made in the hypothalamus

Answer 21

synthesizes, stores

Question 22

hormones related to the posterior pituitary

Answer 22

oxytocin and ADH/Vasopressin

Question 23

hormones related to the anterior pituitary

Answer 23

releasing and inhibiting hormones (stim or inhibit release of another hormone)

Question 24

thyrotropin- releasing hormone

Answer 24

stimulates release of thyroid stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary

Question 25

corticotropin releasing hormone

Answer 25

stimulates release of adrenocorticotropin releasing hormone from the anterior pituitary

Question 26

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

Answer 26

stimulates release of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone from the anterior pituitary