Urinary System Study Guide

Question 1

Secrete the hormone aldosterone to regulate the salt/water balance

Answer 1

Adrenal Gland

Question 2

Provide blood to the kidneys

Answer 2

Renal arteries

Question 3

Take filtered blood away from the kidneys

Answer 3

Renal veins

Question 4

Filter the blood

Answer 4

Kidney

Question 5

Contains the blood vessels and part of the nephrons and collecting ducts

Answer 5

renal cortex

Question 6

Contains the collecting ducts

Answer 6

renal medulla

Question 7

Small things (e.g., water, ions, glucose, amino acids, ammonium, urea) pass through

Answer 7

Glomerulus

Question 8

Collects molecules that pass through the glomerulus

Answer 8

glomerular capsule

Question 9

Provides blood to the glomerulus

Answer 9

Afferent arteriole

Question 10

Takes filtered blood away from the glomerulus

Answer 10

Efferent arteriole

Question 11

Reabsorb things from the tubules and secrete things into the tubules

Answer 11

Peritubular capillaries

Question 12

Stores and releases the urine

Answer 12

Bladder

Question 13

Allows urine to be released from the body; the external urethral sphincter is made of skeletal muscle so micturition can be controlled

Answer 13

Urethra

Question 14

water, nitrogenous wastes (contain nitrogen; produced when amino acids and nucleotides are broken down), nutrients, ions, and other small things pass through the spaces between the podocytes and become part of the filtrate

Answer 14

glomerular filtration

Question 15

nutrients, ions, water, etc. are returned to the blood capillaries

Answer 15

tubular reabsorption

Question 16

penicillin, creatinine, etc. from the blood enter the kidney tubules

Answer 16

tubular secretion

Question 17

___ (HCO3-) are reabsorbed into the blood capillaries and can combine with hydrogen ions to form water and CO2. By removing the ___ , blood pH increases.

Answer 17

Bicarbonate, hydrogen ions

Question 18

Blood pH can also be increased when hydrogen ions are secreted into the kidney tubule, where they combine with ___ to form ___ and are excreted in the urine.

Answer 18

ammonium, ammonia

Question 19

The reabsorption of water results in the reabsorption of ___ ions via osmosis.

Answer 19

sodium

Question 20

What is Aldosterone’s affect on blood pressure?

Answer 20

increases

Question 21

What is Renin’s affect on blood pressure?

Answer 21

increases

Question 22

What is Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)’s affect on blood pressure?

Answer 22

increases

Question 23

What is Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)’s affect on blood pressure?

Answer 23

decreases

Question 24

The external urethral sphincter is made of skeletal muscle, so we can control ___ .

Answer 24

micturition

Question 25

Name the disease based on the urine test results:
glucose and ketones

Answer 25

diabetes

Question 26

Name the disease based on the urine test results:
nitrites and leukocytes

Answer 26

urinary tract infection (UTI)

Question 27

Name the disease based on the urine test results:
proteins

Answer 27

kidney disease

Question 28

Name the disease based on the urine test results:
crystals

Answer 28

kidney stones

Question 29

Name the disease based on the urine test results:
bilirubin

Answer 29

liver disease

Question 30

Name the disease based on the urine test results:
dark yellow urine

Answer 30

dehydration