Urinary System Study Guide Flashcards
Secrete the hormone aldosterone to regulate the salt/water balance
Adrenal Gland
Provide blood to the kidneys
Renal arteries
Take filtered blood away from the kidneys
Renal veins
Filter the blood
Kidney
Contains the blood vessels and part of the nephrons and collecting ducts
renal cortex
Contains the collecting ducts
renal medulla
Small things (e.g., water, ions, glucose, amino acids, ammonium, urea) pass through
Glomerulus
Collects molecules that pass through the glomerulus
glomerular capsule
Provides blood to the glomerulus
Afferent arteriole
Takes filtered blood away from the glomerulus
Efferent arteriole
Reabsorb things from the tubules and secrete things into the tubules
Peritubular capillaries
Stores and releases the urine
Bladder
Allows urine to be released from the body; the external urethral sphincter is made of skeletal muscle so micturition can be controlled
Urethra
water, nitrogenous wastes (contain nitrogen; produced when amino acids and nucleotides are broken down), nutrients, ions, and other small things pass through the spaces between the podocytes and become part of the filtrate
glomerular filtration
nutrients, ions, water, etc. are returned to the blood capillaries
tubular reabsorption
penicillin, creatinine, etc. from the blood enter the kidney tubules
tubular secretion
___ (HCO3-) are reabsorbed into the blood capillaries and can combine with hydrogen ions to form water and CO2. By removing the ___ , blood pH increases.
Bicarbonate, hydrogen ions
Blood pH can also be increased when hydrogen ions are secreted into the kidney tubule, where they combine with ___ to form ___ and are excreted in the urine.
ammonium, ammonia
The reabsorption of water results in the reabsorption of ___ ions via osmosis.
sodium
What is Aldosterone’s affect on blood pressure?
increases
What is Renin’s affect on blood pressure?
increases
What is Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)’s affect on blood pressure?
increases
What is Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)’s affect on blood pressure?
decreases
The external urethral sphincter is made of skeletal muscle, so we can control ___ .
micturition
Name the disease based on the urine test results:
glucose and ketones
diabetes
Name the disease based on the urine test results:
nitrites and leukocytes
urinary tract infection (UTI)
Name the disease based on the urine test results:
proteins
kidney disease
Name the disease based on the urine test results:
crystals
kidney stones
Name the disease based on the urine test results:
bilirubin
liver disease
Name the disease based on the urine test results:
dark yellow urine
dehydration
