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human biology > Exam 2: Sensory Part 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2: Sensory Part 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

What name the sense associated with the sensory receptor:
Merkel disks

A

touch

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2
Q

What name the sense associated with the sensory receptor:
Krause end bulbs

A

touch

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3
Q

What name the sense associated with the sensory receptor:
Meissner corpuscles

A

touch

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4
Q

What name the sense associated with the sensory receptor:
root hair plexus

A

touch

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5
Q

What name the sense associated with the sensory receptor:
Pacinian corpuscles

A

pressure

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6
Q

What name the sense associated with the sensory receptor:
Ruffini endings

A

pressure

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7
Q

What name the sense associated with the sensory receptor:
free nerve endings

A

heat/cold/pain

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8
Q

Name the taste structure based on the description:
visible bumps on the tongue

A

taste bud

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9
Q

Name the taste structure based on the description:
they open at a taste pore and consist of supporting cells and taste cells; the taste cells contain microvilli

A

papillae

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10
Q

Name the taste structure based on the description:
when molecules bind to these, electrochemical messages are sent to the gustatory (taste) cortex in the parietal lobe, where they are interpreted as particular tastes

A

receptors on microvilli

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11
Q

the part of olfactory cells that odor molecules bind

A

receptors on the cilia

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12
Q

this carries electrochemical messages to the olfactory cortex in the temporal lobe (awareness of the smell), frontal lobe (identification of the smell), and to the limbic system’s centers for emotion and memory

A

Olfactory bulb / tract

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13
Q

the white, outer layer that supports and protects the eye

A

sclera

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14
Q

the clear part of the sclera that refracts light rays

A

cornea

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15
Q

the middle layer; its dark pigment absorbs light that photoreceptors have not absorbed

A

choroid

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16
Q

the colorful part that regulates the size of the pupil to regulate light entrance

A

iris

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17
Q

the hole through which light enters the eye

A

pupil

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18
Q

to view a distant object, this must relax and the lens flatten; to view a near object, this must contract and the lens become round and thick (bulge)

A

ciliary body

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19
Q

attach the ciliary muscle to the lens, hold the lens in place, and control the shape of the lens for focusing

A

suspensory ligaments

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20
Q

this refracts and focuses light rays and divides the eye into two compartments

A

lense

21
Q

the compartment in front of the lens that is filled with a clear, watery fluid called the aqueous humor that is continually produced and drained by tiny ducts

A

anterior compartment

22
Q

this compartment is filled with vitreous humor that holds the retina in place

A

posterior compartment

23
Q

this is the third layer of the eye and contains rods and cones

A

retina

24
Q

these photoreceptors are very sensitive to light and let us see in grayscale

A

rods

25
Q

these photoreceptors make color vision possible

A

cones

26
Q

this part of the retina has a lot of cone cells and is where the object needs to be focused on

A

fovea centralis

27
Q

sends electrochemical messages from the rods and cones to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe

A

optic nerve

28
Q

this part of the retina does not contain rods or cones and is where the optic nerve exits the eye (so you can’t see this part)

A

blind spot

29
Q

this has an X shape and is formed by the crossing-over of optic nerve fibers (axons)

A

optic chiasm

30
Q

the visible part of the ear that collects sound waves

A

Auricle / Pinna

31
Q

this is lined with hairs and modified sweat glands that secrete earwax to trap debris

A

Auditory Canal

32
Q

sound waves cause this to vibrate; also called the eardrum

A

Tympanic Membrane

33
Q

vibrations of the eardrum cause this ossicle to vibrate; also called the hammer

A

Malleus

34
Q

vibrations of the malleus cause this ossicle to vibrate; also called the anvil

A

Incus

35
Q

this collides with the oval window, causing it to vibrate, which then passes the pressure to the fluid within the inner ear; also called the stirrup

A

Stapes

36
Q

snail-shaped and contains the sense organ for hearing

A

Cochlea

37
Q

this is the sense organ for hearing and is located in the cochlea; also called the spiral organ

A

Corti

38
Q

the basilar membrane moves up and down, which causes this part of the hair cells within the tectorial membrane to bend and electrochemical messages to be generated

A

Stereocilia

39
Q

this sends electrochemical messages to the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe, where they are interpreted as sound

A

Cochlear Nerve

40
Q

connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx and allows air pressure to equalize across the tympanic membrane; also called the eustachian or pharyngotympanic tube

A

Auditory Tube

41
Q

responds to chemicals for tasting, smelling, etc.

A

Chemoreceptor

42
Q

a type of chemoreceptor that respond to chemicals released by damaged tissues to alert us of danger

A

Nociceptor

43
Q

responds to light

A

Photoreceptor

44
Q

stimulated by mechanical forces for hearing, balance, touch, and blood pressure

A

Mechanoreceptor

45
Q

mechanoreceptor involved in reflex actions that maintain muscle tone, equilibrium, and posture

A

Proprioceptor

46
Q

stimulated by changes in temperature

A

Thermoreceptors

47
Q

sensory receptors that detect stimuli from outside the body (taste, smell, vision, hearing, and equilibrium)

A

Exteroceptors

48
Q

sensory receptors that receive stimuli from inside the body

A

Interoceptors

49
Q

Sensory adaptation is a ___ in response to a stimulus over time.

A

decrease

human biology (25 decks)

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