Exam 2: Nervous System Study Guide

Question 1

consists of dendrites, a cell body, and an axon;
transmits electrochemical messages

Answer 1

Neuron

Question 2

phagocytic cell that removes bacteria and debris

Answer 2

Microglia

Question 3

provides metabolic and structural support

Answer 3

Astrocyte

Question 4

forms myelin in the CNS

Answer 4

Oligodendrocytes

Question 5

forms myelin in the PNS

Answer 5

Schwann Cell

Question 6

What nerves are associated with the PNS?

Answer 6

cranial and spinal nerves

Question 7

connective tissue membranes that surround the spinal cord

Answer 7

Meninges

Question 8

distributes the oxygen and nutrients, as well as cushions the spinal cord

Answer 8

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Question 9

contains cell bodies and short, non-myelinated axons and is centrally located

Answer 9

Gray Matter

Question 10

contains myelinated axons that run together in bundles called tracts

Answer 10

White Matter

Question 11

contains axons of sensory neurons

Answer 11

Dorsal Root

Question 12

contain the cell bodies of the sensory neurons

Answer 12

Dorsal Root Ganglion

Question 13

contains the axons of motor neurons

Answer 13

Ventral Root

Question 14

a dorsal root and ventral root combine to form this;
mixed nerve (contains sensory and motor info)

Answer 14

Spinal Nerve

Question 15

communicates with and coordinates activities
of other parts of the brain to allow movement, the five senses, and thoughts

Answer 15

Cerebrum

Question 16

Lobe that allows us to move, think, problem solve,
speak, and smell

Answer 16

Frontal Lobe

Question 17

Lobe necessary for taste and touch

Answer 17

Parietal Lobe

Question 18

Lobe necessary for vision

Answer 18

Occipital Lobe

Question 19

Lobe necessary for hearing

Answer 19

Temporal Lobe

Question 20

the “gatekeeper” of the brain

Answer 20

Thalamus

Question 21

helps maintain homeostasis

Answer 21

Hypothalamus

Question 22

the “master gland”

Answer 22

Pituitary Gland

Question 23

helps regulate daily rhythms

Answer 23

Pineal Gland

Question 24

helps produce smooth, coordinated, and
voluntary movements

Answer 24

Cerebellum

Question 25

has reflex centers for visual, auditory,
and tactile responses

Answer 25

Midbrain

Question 26

regulates breathing with the medulla oblongata and communicates between the cerebellum and the rest of the CNS

Answer 26

Pons

Question 27

regulates heartbeat, breathing, and BP

Answer 27

Medulla

Question 28

connects the spinal cord, cerebrum, and cerebellum to mediate consciousness

Answer 28

Reticular Formation

Question 29

plays a crucial role in learning and memory, particularly in the storage and retrieval of long-term memory

Answer 29

Hippocampus

Question 30

creates the sensation of fear; is responsible for fear conditioning and associating danger with memories

Answer 30

Amygdala

Question 31

Which type of division is this?
Nickname: fight or flight
Neurotransmitter: norepinephrine
Description: increases the heart rate and dilates the airways

Answer 31

Sympathetic Division

Question 32

Which type of division is this?
Nickname: rest and digest
Neurotransmitter: acetocholine
Description: the vagus nerve decreases the heart rate and promotes digestion

Answer 32

Parasympathetic Division