Exam 2: Nervous System Study Guide Flashcards
consists of dendrites, a cell body, and an axon;
transmits electrochemical messages
Neuron
phagocytic cell that removes bacteria and debris
Microglia
provides metabolic and structural support
Astrocyte
forms myelin in the CNS
Oligodendrocytes
forms myelin in the PNS
Schwann Cell
What nerves are associated with the PNS?
cranial and spinal nerves
connective tissue membranes that surround the spinal cord
Meninges
distributes the oxygen and nutrients, as well as cushions the spinal cord
Cerebrospinal Fluid
contains cell bodies and short, non-myelinated axons and is centrally located
Gray Matter
contains myelinated axons that run together in bundles called tracts
White Matter
contains axons of sensory neurons
Dorsal Root
contain the cell bodies of the sensory neurons
Dorsal Root Ganglion
contains the axons of motor neurons
Ventral Root
a dorsal root and ventral root combine to form this;
mixed nerve (contains sensory and motor info)
Spinal Nerve
communicates with and coordinates activities
of other parts of the brain to allow movement, the five senses, and thoughts
Cerebrum
Lobe that allows us to move, think, problem solve,
speak, and smell
Frontal Lobe
Lobe necessary for taste and touch
Parietal Lobe
Lobe necessary for vision
Occipital Lobe
Lobe necessary for hearing
Temporal Lobe
the “gatekeeper” of the brain
Thalamus
helps maintain homeostasis
Hypothalamus
the “master gland”
Pituitary Gland
helps regulate daily rhythms
Pineal Gland
helps produce smooth, coordinated, and
voluntary movements
Cerebellum
has reflex centers for visual, auditory,
and tactile responses
Midbrain
regulates breathing with the medulla oblongata and communicates between the cerebellum and the rest of the CNS
Pons
regulates heartbeat, breathing, and BP
Medulla
connects the spinal cord, cerebrum, and cerebellum to mediate consciousness
Reticular Formation
plays a crucial role in learning and memory, particularly in the storage and retrieval of long-term memory
Hippocampus
creates the sensation of fear; is responsible for fear conditioning and associating danger with memories
Amygdala
Which type of division is this?
Nickname: fight or flight
Neurotransmitter: norepinephrine
Description: increases the heart rate and dilates the airways
Sympathetic Division
Which type of division is this?
Nickname: rest and digest
Neurotransmitter: acetocholine
Description: the vagus nerve decreases the heart rate and promotes digestion
Parasympathetic Division
