Exam 3: Respiratory System

Question 1

What disease is this?
bacterial or viral infection that causes the alveoli to fill with thick fluid, which prevents gas exchange,
a cough with or without mucus, chest pain during breathing, fever

Answer 1

Pneumonia

Question 2

What disease is this?
bacterial infection that leads to reduced elasticity of the lungs,
coughing, coughing up blood, chest pain, fever, weight loss

Answer 2

Tuberculosis

Question 3

What disease is this?
alveoli have damaged walls due to rupturing, which results in less surface area for gas exchange,
unexplained shortness of breath

Answer 3

Emphysema

Question 4

What disease is this?
spasming of the bronchi and bronchioles and inflammation of the airways in response to an irritant like pollen or animal dander,
wheezing, breathlessness, and coughing (with or without phlegm)

Answer 4

Asthma

Question 5

Name the process associated with breathing:
contraction of external intercostal muscles and diaphragm

Answer 5

inspiration

Question 6

Name the process associated with breathing:
relaxation of external intercostal muscles and diaphragm

Answer 6

expiration

Question 7

Name the process associated with breathing:
contraction of muscles in the back, chest, and neck

Answer 7

forced inspiration

Question 8

Name the process associated with breathing:
contraction of the internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles

Answer 8

forced expiration

Question 9

the amount of air that moves in or out with each normal breath

Answer 9

Tidal Volume

Question 10

the additional volume of air beyond the tidal volume due to forced inspiration

Answer 10

Inspiratory reserve volume

Question 11

the additional volume of air beyond the tidal volume due to forced expiration

Answer 11

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Question 12

the sum of the tidal, inspiratory reserve, and expiratory reserve volumes

Answer 12

Total lung capacity

Question 13

the air remaining in the lungs after expiration

Answer 13

vital capacity

Question 14

the sum of the vital capacity and residual volume

Answer 14

Total lung capacity

Question 15

What structure is associated with this?
openings in the nose
allow air into the nose

Answer 15

nares
(nostrils)

Question 16

What structure is associated with this?
mucosa - ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium (c.p.c.e.)
traps debris from the air and moves the debris to the pharynx

Answer 16

nasal cavity

Question 17

What structure is associated with this?
submucosa - contains many capillaries
helps warm and moisten the incoming air

Answer 17

nasal cavity

Question 18

What structure is associated with this?
contains the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
where food and air cross

Answer 18

pharynx
(throat)

Question 19

What structure is associated with this?
a flap of cartilage
prevents food from entering the larynx, etc.

Answer 19

epiglottis

Question 20

What structure is associated with this?
contains the vocal cords
involved in sound production

Answer 20

larynx
(the voice box)

Question 21

What structure is associated with this?
opening between the vocal cords
air passes through, causing the vocal cords to vibrate and sound to be made

Answer 21

glottis

Question 22

What structure is associated with this?
contains c.p.c.e. and C-shaped hyaline cartilage
air passageway between the larynx and primary bronchi; traps and move debris; allows the esophagus to expand when swallowing

Answer 22

trachea
(the windpipe)

Question 23

What structure is associated with this?
primary, secondary, tertiary
air passageways leading to the bronchioles

Answer 23

bronchi

Question 24

What structure is associated with this?
1 mm or less in diameter; made of smooth muscle
air passageways leading to alveoli

Answer 24

bronchioles

Question 25

What structure is associated with this?
many air sacs made of simple squamous epithelium; each is surrounded by blood capillaries
CO2 diffuses from the RBCs to the alveoli, and O2 diffuses from the alveoli to the RBCs; surfactant fluid prevents collapse of sacs during expiration

Answer 25

alveoli

Question 26

What structure is associated with this?
surrounded by pleurae; has 3 (right one) or 2 (left one) lobes
the volume increases during inspiration and decreases during expiration

Answer 26

lungs

Question 27

What structure is associated with this?
made of skeletal muscle and located below the lungs
contracts to allow inspiration;
relaxes to allow expiration

Answer 27

Diaphragm

Question 28

Why can tar and other debris be found in smokers’ lungs?

Answer 28

chemicals in cigarette smoke destroy cilia where tar accumulates.

Question 29

What happens to the lung when you pull down on the “diaphragm”?

Answer 29

lungs increase in size because pressure in lungs decreases and muscles contract.

Question 30

What happens to the lung when you release the “diaphragm”?

Answer 30

lungs decrease in size because pressure increases in the lungs and muscles relax.