Exam 3: Respiratory System Flashcards
What disease is this?
bacterial or viral infection that causes the alveoli to fill with thick fluid, which prevents gas exchange,
a cough with or without mucus, chest pain during breathing, fever
Pneumonia
What disease is this?
bacterial infection that leads to reduced elasticity of the lungs,
coughing, coughing up blood, chest pain, fever, weight loss
Tuberculosis
What disease is this?
alveoli have damaged walls due to rupturing, which results in less surface area for gas exchange,
unexplained shortness of breath
Emphysema
What disease is this?
spasming of the bronchi and bronchioles and inflammation of the airways in response to an irritant like pollen or animal dander,
wheezing, breathlessness, and coughing (with or without phlegm)
Asthma
Name the process associated with breathing:
contraction of external intercostal muscles and diaphragm
inspiration
Name the process associated with breathing:
relaxation of external intercostal muscles and diaphragm
expiration
Name the process associated with breathing:
contraction of muscles in the back, chest, and neck
forced inspiration
Name the process associated with breathing:
contraction of the internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles
forced expiration
the amount of air that moves in or out with each normal breath
Tidal Volume
the additional volume of air beyond the tidal volume due to forced inspiration
Inspiratory reserve volume
the additional volume of air beyond the tidal volume due to forced expiration
Expiratory Reserve Volume
the sum of the tidal, inspiratory reserve, and expiratory reserve volumes
Total lung capacity
the air remaining in the lungs after expiration
vital capacity
the sum of the vital capacity and residual volume
Total lung capacity
What structure is associated with this?
openings in the nose
allow air into the nose
nares
(nostrils)
What structure is associated with this?
mucosa - ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium (c.p.c.e.)
traps debris from the air and moves the debris to the pharynx
nasal cavity
What structure is associated with this?
submucosa - contains many capillaries
helps warm and moisten the incoming air
nasal cavity
What structure is associated with this?
contains the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
where food and air cross
pharynx
(throat)
What structure is associated with this?
a flap of cartilage
prevents food from entering the larynx, etc.
epiglottis
What structure is associated with this?
contains the vocal cords
involved in sound production
larynx
(the voice box)
What structure is associated with this?
opening between the vocal cords
air passes through, causing the vocal cords to vibrate and sound to be made
glottis
What structure is associated with this?
contains c.p.c.e. and C-shaped hyaline cartilage
air passageway between the larynx and primary bronchi; traps and move debris; allows the esophagus to expand when swallowing
trachea
(the windpipe)
What structure is associated with this?
primary, secondary, tertiary
air passageways leading to the bronchioles
bronchi
What structure is associated with this?
1 mm or less in diameter; made of smooth muscle
air passageways leading to alveoli
bronchioles
What structure is associated with this?
many air sacs made of simple squamous epithelium; each is surrounded by blood capillaries
CO2 diffuses from the RBCs to the alveoli, and O2 diffuses from the alveoli to the RBCs; surfactant fluid prevents collapse of sacs during expiration
alveoli
What structure is associated with this?
surrounded by pleurae; has 3 (right one) or 2 (left one) lobes
the volume increases during inspiration and decreases during expiration
lungs
What structure is associated with this?
made of skeletal muscle and located below the lungs
contracts to allow inspiration;
relaxes to allow expiration
Diaphragm
Why can tar and other debris be found in smokers’ lungs?
chemicals in cigarette smoke destroy cilia where tar accumulates.
What happens to the lung when you pull down on the “diaphragm”?
lungs increase in size because pressure in lungs decreases and muscles contract.
What happens to the lung when you release the “diaphragm”?
lungs decrease in size because pressure increases in the lungs and muscles relax.
