Exam 1: Skeletal System

Question 1

where the cranial bones have fused; immovable

Answer 1

fibrous

Question 2

costal cartilages (ribs/sternum) and fibrocartilage (between vertebrae); slightly movable

Answer 2

cartilaginous

Question 3

shoulder, elbow, hip, knee; freely movable

Answer 3

synovial

Question 4

Osteocytes obtain nutrients and communicate within these.

Answer 4

canaliculi

Question 5

Contains blood vessels that provide oxygen and nutrients to the bone cells

Answer 5

central canal

Question 6

Numerous processes that contain osteocytes and provide space for red bone marrow

Answer 6

trabeculae

Question 7

Contains hematopoietic stem cells that produce all types of blood cells

Answer 7

red bone marrow

Question 8

The main “long” section

Answer 8

diaphysis

Question 9

Inside the diaphysis, has walls made of compact bone, is lined with the endosteum (a layer of vascular connective tissue), and is filled with yellow bone marrow (fat)

Answer 9

medullary cavity

Question 10

The enlarged end composed of spongy bone that contains red bone marrow

Answer 10

epiphysis

Question 11

Protects the ends of bones

Answer 11

articular cartilage

Question 12

Contains the epiphyseal plate

Answer 12

metaphysis

Question 13

The cartilage cells are “at rest”.

Answer 13

resting zone

Question 14

Zone where Chondrocytes produce more chondrocytes.

Answer 14

proliferating zone

Question 15

Zone where Chondrocytes die off.

Answer 15

degenerating zone

Question 16

Zone where Bone forms, increasing bone length.

Answer 16

ossification zone

Question 17

Zone where Covers all bones and is continuous with ligaments and tendons

Answer 17

connective tissue

Question 18

Chondrocytes form ___ models.

Answer 18

cartilage

Question 19

___ secrete a collagen matrix, which then calcifies to form the compact bone wall of the diaphysis.

Answer 19

osteoblasts

Question 20

___ bring osteoblasts to the region called a primary ossification center (the first center for bone formation).

Answer 20

Blood vessels

Question 21

Spongy bone in the diaphysis is removed by ___ to form the medullary cavity. Shortly after birth, secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses.

Answer 21

osteoclasts

Question 22

A band of ___ remains between the primary ossification center and each secondary center.

Answer 22

cartilage

Question 23

Growth is still possible as long as cartilage remains at the ___.

Answer 23

epiphyseal plate.

Question 24

The ___ at the ends of the long bones remain.

Answer 24

epiphyseal line

Question 25

A ___ (blood clot between broken bones) forms 6 to 8 hours after the fracture.

Answer 25

hematoma

Question 26

A ___ callus forms in 3 weeks.

Answer 26

fibrocartilaginous

Question 27

A ___ callus forms in 3 to 4 months.

Answer 27

bony

Question 28

During remodeling, ___ build new compact bone at the periphery, and ___ absorb the spongy bone to create a new medullary cavity.

Answer 28

osteoblasts
osteoclasts

Question 29

Name the disease:
the articular cartilage degenerates such that
bone can rub against bone

Answer 29

osteoarthritis

Question 30

Name the disease:
autoimmune disease that results in joint inflammation, bone erosion, and joint deformity

Answer 30

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 31

Name the disease:
not enough vitamin D, resulting in skeletal deformities, such as bowed long bones

Answer 31

rickets

Question 32

Name the disease:
too much growth hormone in adulthood

Answer 32

acromegaly

Question 33

Name the disease:
new bone is generated at a faster-than-normal rate, which produces softer and weaker bones

Answer 33

paget disease

Question 34

Name the disease:
too much growth hormone during childhood

Answer 34

gigantism

Question 35

Name the disease:
weak bones due to decreased bone mass from reabsorption exceeding bone formation

Answer 35

osteoporosis