Exam 1: Skeletal System Flashcards
where the cranial bones have fused; immovable
fibrous
costal cartilages (ribs/sternum) and fibrocartilage (between vertebrae); slightly movable
cartilaginous
shoulder, elbow, hip, knee; freely movable
synovial
Osteocytes obtain nutrients and communicate within these.
canaliculi
Contains blood vessels that provide oxygen and nutrients to the bone cells
central canal
Numerous processes that contain osteocytes and provide space for red bone marrow
trabeculae
Contains hematopoietic stem cells that produce all types of blood cells
red bone marrow
The main “long” section
diaphysis
Inside the diaphysis, has walls made of compact bone, is lined with the endosteum (a layer of vascular connective tissue), and is filled with yellow bone marrow (fat)
medullary cavity
The enlarged end composed of spongy bone that contains red bone marrow
epiphysis
Protects the ends of bones
articular cartilage
Contains the epiphyseal plate
metaphysis
The cartilage cells are “at rest”.
resting zone
Zone where Chondrocytes produce more chondrocytes.
proliferating zone
Zone where Chondrocytes die off.
degenerating zone
Zone where Bone forms, increasing bone length.
ossification zone
Zone where Covers all bones and is continuous with ligaments and tendons
connective tissue
Chondrocytes form ___ models.
cartilage
___ secrete a collagen matrix, which then calcifies to form the compact bone wall of the diaphysis.
osteoblasts
___ bring osteoblasts to the region called a primary ossification center (the first center for bone formation).
Blood vessels
Spongy bone in the diaphysis is removed by ___ to form the medullary cavity. Shortly after birth, secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses.
osteoclasts
A band of ___ remains between the primary ossification center and each secondary center.
cartilage
Growth is still possible as long as cartilage remains at the ___.
epiphyseal plate.
The ___ at the ends of the long bones remain.
epiphyseal line
A ___ (blood clot between broken bones) forms 6 to 8 hours after the fracture.
hematoma
A ___ callus forms in 3 weeks.
fibrocartilaginous
A ___ callus forms in 3 to 4 months.
bony
During remodeling, ___ build new compact bone at the periphery, and ___ absorb the spongy bone to create a new medullary cavity.
osteoblasts
osteoclasts
Name the disease:
the articular cartilage degenerates such that
bone can rub against bone
osteoarthritis
Name the disease:
autoimmune disease that results in joint inflammation, bone erosion, and joint deformity
rheumatoid arthritis
Name the disease:
not enough vitamin D, resulting in skeletal deformities, such as bowed long bones
rickets
Name the disease:
too much growth hormone in adulthood
acromegaly
Name the disease:
new bone is generated at a faster-than-normal rate, which produces softer and weaker bones
paget disease
Name the disease:
too much growth hormone during childhood
gigantism
Name the disease:
weak bones due to decreased bone mass from reabsorption exceeding bone formation
osteoporosis
