Exam 1: Cells

Question 1

contains the DNA (like a cookbook; the recipes are the genes) and
RNA (the copied recipe)

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

makes proteins (like a chef makes a cake)

Answer 2

Ribosomes

Question 3

contains ribosomes and is involved in protein folding and transport

Answer 3

Rough ER

Question 4

vesicle that transports things from the ER to the Golgi

Answer 4

Transport Vesicle

Question 5

processes, packages, and sends out cell products

Answer 5

Golgi

Question 6

vesicle that transports things from the Golgi to the plasma membrane

Answer 6

Golgi Apparatus

Question 7

the outer surface of the cell that regulates the entrance and exit of things

Answer 7

Plasma Membrane

Question 8

vesicle that transports things from outside the cell to inside the cell

Answer 8

Incoming Vesicle

Question 9

vesicle that digests macromolecules and bacteria

Answer 9

Lysosome

Question 10

breaks down alcohol, amino acids, fatty acids, and uric acid; contains catalase that breaks down hydrogen peroxide

Answer 10

Peroxisome

Question 11

provides structure, movement, and strength; microtubules consist of the protein tubulin; microfilaments consist of the protein actin

Answer 11

Cytoskeleton

Question 12

produce ATP energy via cellular respiration

Answer 12

Mitochondria

Question 13

lacks ribosomes; makes lipid molecules, such as cholesterol and phospholipids

Answer 13

Smooth ER

Question 14

the hydrophobic (water-avoiding) tails face each other, while the hydrophilic (water-loving) heads face the outside or inside of the cell

Answer 14

Plasma membrane

Question 15

a lipid molecule that strengthens the membrane

Answer 15

Cholesterol

Question 16

some allow things into and out of the cells, while others are used for cell-cell recognition or docking sites for signaling cascades

Answer 16

Protein Transporter

Question 17

only certain things can (SELECTIVELY) pass through the cell membrane freely

Answer 17

Selective permeability

Question 18

molecules (carbon dioxide and O2) go from their area of high concentration to low concentration

Answer 18

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 19

a molecule (glucose) goes from its area of high concentration to low concentration via a protein carrier/transporter

Answer 19

Diffusion

Question 20

a protein and ATP energy is required for ions (e.g., sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+)) to go from their area of low to high concentration

Answer 20

Active Transport

Question 21

this is used to engulf molecules, particles, and other cells (e.g., bacteria) and involves invagination of the plasma membrane to form a vesicle within the cytoplasm

Answer 21

endocytosis

Question 22

a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane to release things out of the cell or integrate things into the plasma membrane

Answer 22

exocytosis

Question 23

the diffusion of water (H2O) molecules from an area of high to low water molecule concentration

Answer 23

Osmosis

Question 24

the extracellular fluid is 0.9% salt, so water goes into and out of cells equally; no change in cell shape

Answer 24

Isotonic

Question 25

the extracellular fluid is less than 0.9% salt, so water enters a cell, causing it to swell and burst (aka, lysis)

Answer 25

Hypotonic

Question 26

the extracellular solution is greater than 0.9% salt, so WATER EXITS THE CELL, causing the cell to shrink (aka, crenation)

Answer 26

Hypertonic

Question 27

Where does Glycolysis occur?

Answer 27

cytoplasm

Question 28

How much ATP is produced during Glycolysis?

Answer 28

2

Question 29

Where does Fermentation occur?

Answer 29

cytoplasm

Question 30

How much ATP is produced by Fermentation?

Answer 30

2