Urinary System Pt 1

Question 1

The kidney has several important homeostatic, hormonal, and metabolic
functions that include:

Answer 1

The maintenance of water and electrolyte homeostasis.
* Regulation of acid-base balance in conjunction with the respiratory system.
* Excretion of metabolic waste products, especially the toxic nitrogenous
compounds.
* Production of renin for blood pressure control and erythropoietin, which
stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
* Conversion of vitamin D into active form for the regulation of calcium
balance.

Question 2

As a blood-filtering
organ, the _____’s blood
supply is critical to its
function.

Answer 2

kidney’s

Question 3

We will trace the blood
supply to the ___

Answer 3

nephron

Question 4

_____ arterioles drain
the glomeruli & form
capillary networks

Answer 4

Efferent

Question 5

? Drain cortical nephrons
and form _____ take
up substances resorbed
by tubular epithelium)

Answer 5

peritubular
capillary network

Question 6

(nephron) Two main components; ____) &
____

Answer 6

renal
corpuscle (filters blood plasma & renal tubule (modifies filtrate to
form urine)

Question 7

Two main components; renal
corpuscle (filters blood plasma) &
renal tubule (modifies filtrate to
form urine)

Answer 7

*?

Question 8

functional unit of the kidney

Answer 8

nephron

Question 9

(filters blood plasma/filters fluid from blood)

Answer 9

renal
corpuscle

Question 10

(modifies filtrate to
form urine)

Answer 10

renal tubule

Question 11

nephron: Parts are modified for
specific ____
functions

Answer 11

physiological

Question 12

(nephron)
____– can be
subcapsular (short loops)
or midcortical
(inetermediate)

Answer 12

Cortical

Question 13

Juxtamedullary (long)

Answer 13

*

Question 14

Role of the ____: Maintenance of internal fluid
composition and volume (internal environment)

Answer 14

Kidneys

Question 15

Tuft of fenestrated capillaries - the glomerulus; Surrounded by ____

Answer 15

urinary (Bowman’s) capsule

Question 16

(renal corpuscle) Capillaries invaginate into Bowman’s capsule.Capillaries are in contact with the _______

Answer 16

visceral layer (podocytes).

Question 17

Secrete the mesangial matrix as well
as vasoactive factors and
cytokines.

Answer 17

Mesangial Cells

Question 18

Main structural
components of the mesangial matrix are:

Answer 18

collagen type IV, laminin,
fibronectin and proteoglycans.

Question 19

The primary phagocytic function of
mesangial cells is to remove
_____from the basement
membrane thus keeping the filter
free of debris.

Answer 19

trapped residues and aggregated
protein

Question 20

The contractile properties of
mesangial cells have been
suggested in changing the ____ of the glomerulus.

Answer 20

filtration
pressure

Question 21

Fluid from ____ leaks into the urinary space through a
complex filtration barrier

Answer 21

capillaries

Question 22

Fluid from capillaries leaks into the urinary space through a
complex filtration barrier
1. Fenestrated capillary endothelium
2. Basal lamina (basement membrane)
3. Podocytes of the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule

Answer 22

Filtration barrier

Question 23

High ____ charge on some components of both basal
lamina (glycoprotein podocalyxin) and surface of podocyte
processes

Answer 23

polyanionic

Question 24

Fenestrated
●Large pores not covered by
a diaphragm
●Permeable to water, urea,
glucose & small proteins
●Barrier only to formed
elements in blood & large
macromolecules

Answer 24

Glomerular capillaries

Question 25

____ contains:
Type IV collagen
Laminin
Fibronectin
Negatively-charged
proteoglycans

Answer 25

Lamina rarae

Question 26

Each pedicel has a
glycocalyx of
_____-charged
podocalyxin

Answer 26

negatively

Question 27

(Each Pedicels) Separated by clefts
___

Answer 27

filtration slits

Question 28

(Each Pedicels) Covered by a porous
slit diaphragm made
of protein ____

Answer 28

nephrin.

Question 29

(Each Pedicels Acts as additional
barrier to large
macromolecules,
proteins, negatively
charged molecules &
blood cells.
Podocytes have
_____ functions.

Answer 29

phagocytic

Question 30

Describe the filtration process:

Answer 30

Blood enters glomerulus via afferent arteriole
●Arteriole pressure forces fluid through fenestrae of
capillary endothelium
● Large molecules are trapped by the basal lamina
●Negatively charged molecules are stopped by the
basal lamina & podocytes
●Fluid passes though pores in slit diaphragm to
enter the urinary space ➔ PCT.

Question 31

Site of “Bulk Operations”, it
begins at urinary pole. Primary
site of water resorption,
removes 75% of water and ions
(Na, Cl)

Answer 31

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (found only in cortex)

Question 32

Lined by
eosinophilic
cuboidal/ low
columnar
epithelium
● Centrally
placed nucleus
● Microvilli &
well-defined
brush border
● Lateral
border indistinct
due to
interdigitations

Answer 32

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Question 33

Extensive reabsorption of
glomerular filtrate (microvilli).
NA+ (active transport)
Cl- (passive diffusion)
H20 (AQP-1, aquaporin-1)
small transmembrane channel

Answer 33

proximal tubule