Thyroid, Parathyroid, pancreas, and adrenal gland

Question 1

Thyroid lobes separated by ____ , thryoid is anterior to tracheal rings ____

Answer 1

isthmus; rings 2-3

Question 2

Thyroid follicle surrounds lumen of _____ full of _____

Answer 2

colloid; thyroglobulin

Question 3

Thyroid follicles respond to _____ from anterior pituitary

Answer 3

TSH

Question 4

Parafollicular/C Cells in Thyroid secrete

Answer 4

Calcitonin (dec ca conc….binds to receptors on osteroclast)

Question 5

Describe Graves disease

Answer 5

Ab to rec for TSH (bind and stimulate so produce too much), exopathalaos (collegen deposits posterior to eyeball/bulging eye)

Question 6

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 6

excess TSH, heat intolerance,

Question 7

Hypothyroidism

Answer 7

insuf prod of TSH, cold, photophobia (due to dec iodine intake, loss of puit stimulus)

Question 8

What is goider caused by?

Answer 8

Iodine deficiency (PTH releases too much TSH but GLAND cant respond)

Question 9

Chief cells in the Parathyroid gland secrete:

Answer 9

PTH (in resp to low ca)

Question 10

Oxyphil cells in parathyroid secrete what?

Answer 10

nothing–have large # mitochondria

Question 11

regulates Ca and Phophate balance by increasing blood CA and decreasing PI

Answer 11

PTH

Question 12

PTH acts on _____ to stimulate ___ activity

Answer 12

acts on osteoblasts to stimulate osteoclast activity (inc circ ca…..resorb bone and rel ca into blood)

Question 13

PTH controls calcium uptake in GI by reg production of ___

Answer 13

VitaminD (stimulates intest mucosa cells to absorb CA and synthesize Calbindin)

Question 14

VitaminD stimulates intest mucosa cells to absorb CA and synthesize _______

Answer 14

Calbindin

Question 15

PTH activity is balanced by:

Answer 15

Calcitonin

Question 16

Calcitonin promotes ____ by acting on osteoclasts to inhibit bone resorp/ca release

Answer 16

Osteogenesis

Question 17

Hypoparathyroidism can lead to a Ca def. WHat is the result?

Answer 17

spontaneous depolarization of neurons and muscle fibers (tetany)

Question 18

Abnormal calcium deposits in kidney and arteries are a result of

Answer 18

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 19

Where are Centroacinar cells found?

Answer 19

Lumen of panc acini

Question 20

What portal system is associated with Islet of Langerhan?

Answer 20

Insuloacinar portal system

Question 21

Alpha cells secrete

Answer 21

glucagon (inc blood glucose, stim glucogenesis and glycogenesis)

Question 22

Beta cells secrete

Answer 22

insulin

Question 23

S cells secrete

Answer 23

Somatostain

Question 24

WHat does somatostatin do?

Answer 24

inhibits insulin and glucagon production

Question 25

The Adrenal gland is regulated by ______ secretion from ___

Answer 25

ACTH sec by Anterior Pituitary

Question 26

3 Glasses of Adrenal Gland Hormones:

Answer 26

Mineralocorticoids, Glucocorticoids, Sex hormone (androgens)

Question 27

What do mineralocorticoids do?

Answer 27

--control electrolyte and Fluid balance --regulate Na, K by Na pumps --reg BP by JGA

Question 28

Give an example of a Mineralcortic

Answer 28

Aldosterone

Question 29

WHat do glucocorticoids do?

Answer 29

stimulate gluconeogenesis and glycogne (both inc blood glucose) --increase metabolism and breakdown of proteins, carbs, lipids

Question 30

glucocorticoids example

Answer 30

cortisol

Question 31

What is secreted by the Zona Glomerulosa?

Answer 31

Mineralcorti (aldosterone)

Question 32

Mineralcort/aldosterone release in response to ___

Answer 32

Angiotensin II (and ACTH)

Question 33

What is secreted by the Zona Fasciculata? WHat promotes secretion of this?

Answer 33

Glucocortico (Cortisol). Stress.

Question 34

Glucocort/Cortisol have what effect on immune system?

Answer 34

Suppress immune system by dec circulating lymphocytes

Question 35

What is secreted by the Zona Reticularis?

Answer 35

ANdrogens and some Glucocort

Question 36

These cells have secretory granules of Epinephrine and Nor-epinephrine

Answer 36

Chromaffin Cells (of medulla--modified sympathetic post ganglionic nurons)

Question 37

____ secreted in repsosne to emotional reaction

Answer 37

catecholemines (inc hr, dilate vessed to heart, bronch)

Question 38

Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of _____ cells

Answer 38

Chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland (can lead to hypertension or cardiac arthy)

Question 39

Von Hippel-Landau Disease

Answer 39

can lead to rage/outburts/ Tumor of adrenal gland

Question 40

layers of adrenal cortex

Answer 40

zona glomerul, fasciculata, reticularis