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Histology Exam 3 > Thyroid, Parathyroid, pancreas, and adrenal gland > Flashcards

Thyroid, Parathyroid, pancreas, and adrenal gland Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroid lobes separated by ____ , thryoid is anterior to tracheal rings ____

A

isthmus; rings 2-3

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2
Q

Thyroid follicle surrounds lumen of _____ full of _____

A

colloid; thyroglobulin

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3
Q

Thyroid follicles respond to _____ from anterior pituitary

A

TSH

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4
Q

Parafollicular/C Cells in Thyroid secrete

A

Calcitonin (dec ca conc….binds to receptors on osteroclast)

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5
Q

Describe Graves disease

A

Ab to rec for TSH (bind and stimulate so produce too much), exopathalaos (collegen deposits posterior to eyeball/bulging eye)

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6
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

excess TSH, heat intolerance,

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7
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

insuf prod of TSH, cold, photophobia (due to dec iodine intake, loss of puit stimulus)

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8
Q

What is goider caused by?

A

Iodine deficiency (PTH releases too much TSH but GLAND cant respond)

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9
Q

Chief cells in the Parathyroid gland secrete:

A

PTH (in resp to low ca)

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10
Q

Oxyphil cells in parathyroid secrete what?

A

nothing–have large # mitochondria

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11
Q

regulates Ca and Phophate balance by increasing blood CA and decreasing PI

A

PTH

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12
Q

PTH acts on _____ to stimulate ___ activity

A

acts on osteoblasts to stimulate osteoclast activity (inc circ ca…..resorb bone and rel ca into blood)

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13
Q

PTH controls calcium uptake in GI by reg production of ___

A

VitaminD (stimulates intest mucosa cells to absorb CA and synthesize Calbindin)

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14
Q

VitaminD stimulates intest mucosa cells to absorb CA and synthesize _______

A

Calbindin

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15
Q

PTH activity is balanced by:

A

Calcitonin

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16
Q

Calcitonin promotes ____ by acting on osteoclasts to inhibit bone resorp/ca release

A

Osteogenesis

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17
Q

Hypoparathyroidism can lead to a Ca def. WHat is the result?

A

spontaneous depolarization of neurons and muscle fibers (tetany)

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18
Q

Abnormal calcium deposits in kidney and arteries are a result of

A

Hyperparathyroidism

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19
Q

Where are Centroacinar cells found?

A

Lumen of panc acini

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20
Q

What portal system is associated with Islet of Langerhan?

A

Insuloacinar portal system

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21
Q

Alpha cells secrete

A

glucagon (inc blood glucose, stim glucogenesis and glycogenesis)

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22
Q

Beta cells secrete

A

insulin

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23
Q

S cells secrete

A

Somatostain

24
Q

WHat does somatostatin do?

A

inhibits insulin and glucagon production

25
Q

The Adrenal gland is regulated by ______ secretion from ___

A

ACTH sec by Anterior Pituitary

26
Q

3 Glasses of Adrenal Gland Hormones:

A

Mineralocorticoids, Glucocorticoids, Sex hormone (androgens)

27
Q

What do mineralocorticoids do?

A

–control electrolyte and Fluid balance
–regulate Na, K by Na pumps
–reg BP by JGA

28
Q

Give an example of a Mineralcortic

A

Aldosterone

29
Q

WHat do glucocorticoids do?

A

stimulate gluconeogenesis and glycogne (both inc blood glucose)
–increase metabolism and breakdown of proteins, carbs, lipids

30
Q

glucocorticoids example

31
Q

What is secreted by the Zona Glomerulosa?

A

Mineralcorti (aldosterone)

32
Q

Mineralcort/aldosterone release in response to ___

A

Angiotensin II (and ACTH)

33
Q

What is secreted by the Zona Fasciculata? WHat promotes secretion of this?

A

Glucocortico (Cortisol). Stress.

34
Q

Glucocort/Cortisol have what effect on immune system?

A

Suppress immune system by dec circulating lymphocytes

35
Q

What is secreted by the Zona Reticularis?

A

ANdrogens and some Glucocort

36
Q

These cells have secretory granules of Epinephrine and Nor-epinephrine

A

Chromaffin Cells (of medulla–modified sympathetic post ganglionic nurons)

37
Q

____ secreted in repsosne to emotional reaction

A

catecholemines (inc hr, dilate vessed to heart, bronch)

38
Q

Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of _____ cells

A

Chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland (can lead to hypertension or cardiac arthy)

39
Q

Von Hippel-Landau Disease

A

can lead to rage/outburts/ Tumor of adrenal gland

40
Q

layers of adrenal cortex

A

zona glomerul, fasciculata, reticularis

Histology Exam 3 (11 decks)

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