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Histology Exam 3 > Small and Large Intestine > Flashcards

Small and Large Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

Primary site of absorption &
completion of digestion

A

Small intestine

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2
Q

T/F: Small Intestine has modifications to increase
surface area

A

true

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3
Q

Mucosa & submucosa
throughout small intestine
arranged in valve-like folds/
rings:

A

plicae circulares

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4
Q

Mucosa & submucosa
throughout small intestine
arranged in valve-like folds/
rings, plicae circulares (=
valves of ___)

A

valves of Kerkring

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5
Q

plicae circulares increase surface area, contain ____

A

submucosal core

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6
Q

Mucosal surface made up of
____, ~1 mm long, contain
core of lamina propria

A

villi

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7
Q

Mucosal surface made up of
villi, ~1 mm long, contain
core of l_____

A

amina propria

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8
Q

Between villi are ____

A

crypts of
Lieberkuhn (extensions into lamina propria)

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9
Q

(Villi) Epithelium supported by
connective tissue lamina
propria, containing capillaries
& lymphatics for _____

A

absorption
of nutrients

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10
Q

Intestinal villi lined by _____ epithelium

A

simple
columnar

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11
Q

(gluten
enteropathy or allergy
to the wheat protein
gluten)

A

Celiac disease

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12
Q

Celiac disease causes:

A

causes villus
blunting, atrophy and
loss => malabsorption &
weight loss.

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13
Q

Celiac Disease causes villus
blunting, atrophy and
loss => ___

A

malabsorption &
weight loss.

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14
Q

____ is the
presence of lymphocytes
epithelial cells.

A

Intraepithelial
lymphocytes

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15
Q

There are three functional zones in the epithelium of the small intestine:

A

1) Villi 2) crypts 3) Neck (where villi and crypts meet)

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16
Q

Cells of the SI epithelium:

A
  1. Enterocytes
  2. Mucous cells
  3. Paneth cells
  4. Endocrine cells
  5. Stem cells
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17
Q

Mucosal cells of the small
intestine called ____, cover surface of villi

A

enterocytes
(E)

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18
Q

Mucosal cells of the small
intestine called enterocytes
(E), cover _____

A

surface of villi

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19
Q

Enterocytes: Apical/ luminal surface highly
folded, modified into 2-3000
_____(= striated or brush
border)

A

microvilli

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20
Q

Microvilli on enterocytes ↑ surface area for absorption;
coated with _____ containing enzymes
important for digestion

A

protective
glycocalyx

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21
Q

Microvilli on enterocytes ↑ surface area for absorption;
coated with protective
glycocalyx containing enzymes
important for ___

A

digestion

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22
Q

Enterocytes separated from luminal surface by _____

A

desmosomes and tight junctions

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23
Q

Interspersed among enterocytes
are mucus secreting ____ cells

A

goblet cells

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24
Q

Mucous cells Usually found in the _____ of
the crypts

A

upper 2/3

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25
Q

Mucous cells synthesize ____
stored in membrane-bound
granules; lubricates & protects
epithelium

A

mucinogen (=> mucus),

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26
Q

Least frequent in the duodenum,
frequency increases into the
jejunum and ileum (most)

A

Mucous cells (goblet cells)

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27
Q

_____ found at
base of crypts; contain
large eosinophilic
granules

A

Paneth cells

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28
Q

Paneth cells found at
base of crypts; contain
large eosinophilic
granules—produce
antibacterial proteins
called _____, and
enzymes, including
______

A

defensins and lysozymes

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29
Q

Small #’s of enteroendocrine
(APUD) cells scattered
throughout but mainly in the
_____ of the crypt

A

lower third of crypt

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30
Q

Regulate GI motility & secretion

A

Enteroendocrine cells

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31
Q

“S” cells secrete secretin
(stimulate release of
_______)

A

bicarbonate from pancreas

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32
Q

“I” cells secrete
________
(stimulates pancreatic
secretion & contraction of
gallbladder)

A

cholecystekinin, or CCK

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33
Q

“I” cells secrete
cholecystekinin, or CCK
(stimulates ______)

A

pancreatic
secretion & contraction of
gallbladder

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34
Q

A” cells secrete ___

A

glucagon

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35
Q

glucagon effects

A

increase blood sugar

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36
Q

“K” cells secrete ______

A

(gastric
inhibitory peptide)

37
Q

Actively dividing stem cells located :

A

at base of crypts

38
Q

Stem cells migrate up ____, mature and are ___

A

Cells migrate up villus, mature, & are shed

39
Q

Entire epithelial lining replaced roughly every ___ days

A

every 3-5 days

40
Q

Lamina Propria: Most clearly seen in _____ but also surrounds and supports the
glands’ crypts

A

core of villi

41
Q

Collagen, reticular fibers, fibroblasts & GAGs.???

A

Lamina propria

42
Q

MALT located in lamina propria &
_____

A

submucosa of small intestine

43
Q

Lots of lymphocytes (T), plasma
cells, eosinophils, macrophages &
mast cells– secrete ____

A

Sec IgA

44
Q

Epithelium contains enlarged “M”
cells (microfold) —squamoid
enterocytes modified for ____

A

Ag
sampling, uptake of
macromolecules

45
Q

Lamina propria of Small intetsine–May also see ___,
dome-shaped areas grossly visible
on surface of mucosa, project into
lumen

A

Peyer’s patches

46
Q

Duodenum: Characterized by presence of
_____ in submucosa

A

Brunner’s glands

47
Q

Brunner’s Glands: Secrete ______; unique
to duodenum

A

mucus & zymogens

48
Q

Main function of duodenum—
_______,
assisted by pancreas & gallbladder

A

neutralize gastric acid & pepsin

49
Q

Secrete an alkaline
mucus (8.0-9.5) which
may protect against
acidic stomach
contents entering the
duodenum

A

Brunner’s Glands

50
Q

T/F: Alkaline mucus sec by brunner’s glands–This brings duodenal
contents closer to the
pH at which pancreatic
enzymes are most
effective

A

True (only found in duodenum)

51
Q

Large intestine—modifies fluid content of
____. Specialized for mucous secretion
and salt & water absorption.

A

feces

52
Q

_____—modifies fluid content of
feces. Specialized for mucous secretion
and salt & water absorption.

A

Large intestine

53
Q

(Large intestime) Lining is a
mixture of absorptive and mucous
cells:

A
  1. Columnar cells
  2. Mucous cells
  3. Endocrine cells
  4. Stem cell
54
Q

Includes cecum, appendix; ascending,
transverse, descending, & sigmoid
colon, & rectum

A

Large intestine

55
Q

Large intestine lacks ____

A

villi & plicae
circulares

56
Q

primary function of colon

A

1’ function, H2O & electrolyte
resorption

57
Q

(Colon) 1’ function, H2O & electrolyte
resorption; also produces ____
for elimination of undigested food
& waste

A

mucus

58
Q

(Colon) –large #’s of goblet cells in
epithelium & _____ in
submucosa—but no Brunner’s
glands

A

colonic glands

59
Q

T/F: Villi are present in the colon

A

false

60
Q

T/F: plicae circulares are present in the colon

A

false

61
Q

Mucosal epithelium similar to small
intestine, but Paneth cells are:

A

generally
absent in adults

62
Q

At the base of the glands the cell
population is a combination of
uncommitted stem cells (S),
goblet cells (G), columnar cells
(C), and the occasional pale-
staining endocrine cell (E).

A

**

63
Q

Columnar cells – absorb soluble
salt and way=ter. No brush border
enzymes.

A

**

64
Q

Mucous cells are present
throughout the colon but the
type of mucus ___

A

can change

65
Q

T/F: MALT in large intestine does not form
domed Peyer’s patches

A

true

66
Q

T/F: No lacteals present in lamina propria

A

true

67
Q

T/F: Large #’s of commensal bacteria
(“coliforms”) present in large intestine

A

true

68
Q

Outer longitudinal M layer in
muscularis externa is reduced or
incomplete—forms 3 longitudinal
strips, _____

A

taenia coli

69
Q

taenia coli Responsible for formation of ____,
sacculations of large intestine

A

haustra

70
Q

sacculations of large intestine

A

haustra

71
Q

—small, blind-ended
sac, 2-13 cm in length distal
to ileo-cecal junction

A

Appendix

72
Q

____ used for
bacterial digestion in
herbivores

A

Vestigial cecum;

73
Q

Vestigial cecum; Contains large amounts of
____, active in
children

A

submucosal MALT

74
Q

Appendix: If inflamed => ____
Tx—Sx removal,
appendectomy

A

appendicitis

75
Q

Polyps—_____
* Any mass arising from the wall of the colon that protrudes into the
lumen
* Generally asymptomatic; most common sign, rectal bleeding
* Tx: Sx removal

A

adenoma

76
Q

Colon cancer—_______
* ↑ roughage & fiber in diet ↓ colon cancer by ↓ transit time & ↑ GI
motility
* Tx: Surgical removal; if extensive, may require resection of portion of
colon
* New test kits for early detection; detect tumor Ab; also colonoscopy
screening over 50

A

adenocarcinoma

77
Q

Short, dilated, terminal portion of large intestine

A

rectum

78
Q

Rectum Contains _____ and large #’s of mucus glands

A

transverse rectal folds

79
Q

Rectum: Transition of mucosa from simple columnar epithelium to stratified
squamous epithelium at ____

A

anal canal

80
Q

Anal canal contains longitudinal folds called ____

A

anal columns

81
Q

Within anal canal, ____ extend into submucosa & muscularis
externa (branched, straight, tubular glands—secrete mucus)

A

anal glands

82
Q

Rectum: Surrounding Mm forms internal & external ______ (external—
voluntary, skeletal Mm; internal—involuntary, smooth Mm)

A

anal sphincters

83
Q

Rectum: Occasional enlargement & irritation of submucosal Vv ~ anal canal =>
_____ (like varicose Vv)

A

hemorrhoids

84
Q

—external opening; exit of GI tract

A

Anus

85
Q

Swollen veins in anus and lower
rectum, similar to varicose veins.

A

hemorrhoids

86
Q

Hemorrhoids can develop inside the
____ (internal hemorrhoids) or
_____
(external hemorrhoids)

A

rectum; under the skin around the anus

87
Q

Difference in _______ of internal vs external hemorrhoids

A

referred pain

88
Q

(Referred Pain for Hemorrhoids) Internal – follows _____, diffuse
* External ____, sharp on well-
localized

A

autonomics; somatic pain

89
Q
A

Histology Exam 3 (9 decks)

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