Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology Exam 3 > Upper GI > Flashcards

Upper GI Flashcards

1
Q

Alimentary canal extends from :

A

oral cavity to
anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Breakdown of food occurs in 5 phases—

A

ingestion, fragmentation, digestion,
absorption, & elimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ingestion occurs in oral cavity, accompanied by
___

A

fragmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ingestion occurs in oral cavity, accompanied by
fragmentation; results in ___

A

bolus formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stomach completes fragmentation & initiates
___

A

digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Contractions of smooth Mm in stomach =>

A

peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Contractions of smooth Mm => peristalsis; under
___ control

A

autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In duodenum, pancreatic & biliary secretions =>

A

emulsification of fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In jejunum & ileum, primary ___

A

absorption of
nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In colon, ____ of water & elimination of
___

A

resorption ; waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth.

A

Lingual frenulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A too short frenulum –

A

ankyloglossia or tongue-tied.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

GI Tube: Muscular tube lined by
___

A

mucus membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Large #’s of glands
associated with tract,
e.g., liver, gallbladder,
pancreas & intestinal
glands; embryological
outgrowths of GI tract

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diffuse lymphoid tissue
(____) scattered
throughout GI tract

A

MALT, GALT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gi tract is made of 4 tissue layers:

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa (adventitia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mucosa has 3 overall
functions:

A

protection,
secretion & absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mucosa Subdivided into 3 layers:

A

epithelium, lamina propria, &
muscularis mucosae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The mucosa surrounds the ___ of the GI tract and consists of an epithelial cell
layer supported by a thin layer of connective tissue known as the lamina propria.

A

lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The ____ is a thin layer of smooth muscle that supports the mucosa
and provides it with the ability to move and fold.

A

muscularis mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

GI tract: The greatest structural variations occur in the ___

A

mucosal layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

There are four distinct types of mucosal variations

A

protective muscosa, secretory muscosa, absorptive mucosa, absorptive/protective mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

___ mucosa is characterized by a stratified squamous epithelium. It is
found in the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and anal canal.

A

Protective muscos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

__ mucosa contains cells that are responsible for the secretion of
digestive enzymes. It is found exclusively in the stomach.

A

Secretory mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

___ mucosa contains two key structures, crypts and villi, and is
responsible primarily for absorbing digested nutrients. It is found along the
entirety of the small intestine.

A

Absorptive mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Absorptive mucosa contains two key structures:

A

crypts and villi

27
Q

____ mucosa specializes in water absorption and mucous
secretion. It is found in the large intestine.

A

Absorptive/protective mucosa

28
Q

At four points along the tract, the mucosa undergoes abrupt transition from one form to
another:

A

the gastro-esophageal junction, the gastroduodenal junction, the ileocecal junction
and the anorectal junction.

29
Q

(secretory mucosa) ___—different
modifications at
different levels of GI
tract

A

epithelium

30
Q

(secretory mucosa) _____—
underlying connective
tissue; contains
lymphoid nodules,
glands, blood vessels &
lymphatics

A

lamina propria

31
Q

(secretory mucosa) ____—
thin layer of smooth
Mm; boundary
between mucosa &
submucosa

A

muscularis mucosae

32
Q

The ___ is a thick connective tissue layer that
contains arteries, veins, lymphatics, and nerves.

A

submucosa

33
Q

The ___ surrounds the submucosa and is
composed of two muscle layers, the inner circular layer and
outer longitudinal layer. These two layers move
perpendicularly to one another and form the basis of
peristalsis

A

muscularis externa

34
Q

The ___ consists of connective tissue
containing blood vessels, nerves, and fat. In the portions of
the tract within the peritoneal cavity, it is lined by the
mesothelium.

A

adventitia/serosa

35
Q

(Layers of gut) ____—local contractions => mixing of food
Occur both proximally & distally, in either direction

A

Segmentation

36
Q

(Layers of gut) Peristalsis—propels food ___ only

A

distally

37
Q

(Layers of gut) ___—outer loose connective tissue layer, contains
major nerve, vessels, & adipose tissue

A

Adventitia

38
Q

(Layers of gut) Within abdominal cavity, referred to as ____ (= visceral
peritoneum)
–comntimous with supporting mesentery
–lines by simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium)

A

serosa

39
Q

(Layers of gut) In other areas, adventitia merges with ____

A

retroperitoneal tissue

40
Q

Smooth Mm of gut controlled by
autonomic nervous system
* parasympathetic stimulation is
___
* sympathetic stimulation is
_____

A

excitatory; inhibitory

41
Q

_____ Nn synapse
with ganglia located near effector
organ

A

Parasympathetic motor

42
Q

In GI tract, ganglia located _____

A

within wall
of gut, within submucosa & muscularis
externa

43
Q

Clusters of parasympathetic ganglia
within submucosa; called ____

A

Meissner’s
plexus (= submucosal plexus)

44
Q

Clusters of parasympathetic ganglia
within submucosa; called Meissner’s
plexus (= submucosal plexus)

  • Larger clusters located between inner
    circular & outer longitudinal Mm layers
    called ____
A

myenteric or Auerbach’s plexus

45
Q

The key difference between Meissner’s and Auerbach’s plexus is
that Meissner’s plexus is in ___ of the gut
tube, while Auerbach’s plexus is___

A

the submucosal tissue; between the circular muscle
layer and longitudinal muscle layers.

46
Q

The esophagus joins the stomach at

A

cardiac orifice

47
Q

conveys solid foods and liquids to the stomach

A

esophagus

48
Q

Resting muscular tone at ___ end of esophagus prevents backflow from stomach

A

inferior end

49
Q

Short, muscular tube, lined
by stratified squamous
nonkeratinized epithelium
* In upper third, muscularis
externa composed of
voluntary skeletal Mm
* Middle third, skeletal Mm &
smooth Mm
* Lower third, smooth Mm
only

A

review

50
Q

(esophagus) In upper third, muscularis externa composed of ____

A

voluntary skeletal
Mm

51
Q

(esophagus) Middle third composed of

A

skeletal Mm & smooth Mm

52
Q

(esophagus) lower third, composed of

A

smooth Mm only

53
Q

the protrusion of the upper part of the stomach into the thorax through a tear or weakness in the diaphragm

A

hiatus hermia

54
Q

3 classifications of hiatus hernia

A

sliding, rolling, mixed

55
Q

Gastro-esophageal junction between esophagus &
stomach contains ___

A

gastroesophageal sphincter.

56
Q

___—
due to
regurgitation of
stomach acid
into distal
esophagus from
cardia of
stomach

A

Pyrosis—(aka
“heartburn”)

57
Q

Pyrosis—

A

(aka
“heartburn”)

58
Q

____ is a serious complication of GERD. It does, though,
increase the risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma.

A

Barrett’s esophagus

59
Q

Esophagus is normally lined by stratified squamous, nonkeratinized epithelium
In response to exposure to gastric acid, adaptive transformation to ____

A

simple columnar epithelium (secretes alkaline mucus)

60
Q

symptoms of esophageal cancer

A

Difficulty and pain with swallowing,
particularly when eating meat, bread, or raw
vegetables. …
* Pressure or burning in the chest.
* Indigestion or heartburn.
* Vomiting.
* Frequent choking on food.
* Unexplained weight loss.
* Coughing or hoarseness.
* Pain behind the breastbone or in the throat.

61
Q

Smoking and poorly controlled acid reflux are
significant risk factors for

A

esophageal cancer and gum disease

62
Q

In most cases, esophageal cancer is ____ . The overall 5-
year survival rate in patients amenable to
definitive treatment ranges from 5% to 30%.

A

a treatable
disease, but it is rarely curable.

63
Q
A

Histology Exam 3 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions