Stomach

Question 1

What region of the stomach contains endocrine cells?

Answer 1

Pylorus

Question 2

(endocrine cells)–______ (sec by
D cells) inhibits secretion of gastrin

Answer 2

somatostatin

Question 3

(Region of stomach) surrounded by LES smooth mm; contains predominantly mucus-secreting glands

Answer 3

cardia

Question 4

____ contain several types of
cells- 5 different classes.

Answer 4

Gastric glands

Question 5

= APUD cells (amine precursor uptake & decarboxylation)

Answer 5

enteroendocrine cells

Question 6

(Region of stomach) contains 1’
mucus & gastrin secreting glands

Answer 6

Pylorus and Pyloric antrum

Question 7

granules contain pepsinogen, secreted into lumen and converted to
pepsin by gastric acid

Answer 7

Chief cells (found closer to base)

Question 8

(foveolae)

Answer 8

gastric pits

Question 9

(Gastric muscosal cells) ___ cells - smaller & less regular in shape, more compressed
& distorted by adjacent cells; basal nucleus & small mucin vacuoles.

Answer 9

Mucus Neck Cells

Question 10

oxyntic cells

Answer 10

parietal cells

Question 11

inactive
precursor of pepsin, hydrolyzes
protein

Answer 11

pepsinogen

Question 12

In glandular body of stomach, mucosa
contains ______

Answer 12

prominent gastric pits (foveolae)

Question 13

(Region of stomach) the largest main portion of stomach; where food is mixed and starts to break down, contains acid-& enzyme-secreting glands

Answer 13

body

Question 14

Secrete HCl & intrinsic factor (necessary for absorption of Vit
B12 from ileum)

Answer 14

parietal cells (oxyntic cells)

Question 15

(Region of stomach) Smooth mm ____ controls outflow from stomach into duodenum

Answer 15

pyloric sphincter

Question 16

Gastrin and Lipase here?

Answer 16

Gastric glands

Question 17

Gastritis: Infections caused by ___ and __

Answer 17

bacteria and viruses

Question 18

chief cells stain purple due to:

Answer 18

large #’s of ribosomes

Question 19

(gastric glands)

______ cells -
–Continuously divide to replace
lost or damaged epithelial cells
–As mature, migrate up or down
gland
–mainly in neck of gland

Answer 19

Undifferentiated Stem Cells

Question 20

Ulcers frequently associated
with chronic infection with
____

Answer 20

Helicobacter pylori

Question 21

Parietal & chief cells controlled by _____ & hormones from endocrine
cells in region of pylorus

Answer 21

autonomic nervous system

Question 22

_____ cells also produce intrinsic
factor which is necessary for
absorption of Vitamin B12

Answer 22

Parietal Cells (found in isthmus and neck)

Question 23

Regions of stomach:

Answer 23

cardia, fundus, body & pylorus

Question 24

Stomach ulcers, which are
also known as ____, are painful sores in
the _____

Answer 24

gastric ulcers; stomach lining

Question 25

(i.e., target cells within local vicinity)

Answer 25

Paracrine cells

Question 26

Parietal cells, which secrete ____ and ____, are located primarily in the isthmus and neck regions and appear highly eosinophilic, while the chief cells responsible for pepsinogen secretion are located closer to the base of the gland and appear granulated and basophilic.

Answer 26

HCl and intrinsic factor

Question 27

A bacteria that lives in the mucous lining of the stomach; without treatment, the infection can lead to ulcers, and in some people, stomach cancer.

Answer 27

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

Question 28

Gastric Epithelium Cells (5)

Answer 28

1. Acid-producing parietal cells 2. Enzyme-producing (pepsin) Chief cells 3. Mucus-secreting cells (surface and neck cells). 4. Stem cells 5. Enteroendocrine cells (gastrin-secreting)

Question 29

Parietal cells also secrete ____ which is necessary for absorption of Vitamin B12

Answer 29

intrinsic factor

Question 30

Parietal Cells luminal surface arear increased by ___

Answer 30

deep microvilli

Question 31

Tx stomach ulcers with ____ — 2 long-term abx & proton pump inhibitor (prevents H+ secretion)

Answer 31

"triple therapy"

Question 32

effects of urease (primary and secondary)

Answer 32

(primary) inc gastric pH (secondary) inc acid production

Question 33

Stomach ulcers are a type of ___

Answer 33

peptic ulcer disease.

Question 34

Secrete inactive pepsinogen * Located at base of gland (bottom third)

Answer 34

pepsin secreting cells — (F chief cells, peptic cells, or zymogenic cells)

Question 35

H. Pylori, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, mental stress, smoking, alcohol consumption, and genetics are all causes of ________

Answer 35

peptic ulcers

Question 36

Helicobacter pylori: produce _____

Answer 36

urease

Question 37

Food undergoes mechanical breakdown via muscular activity & chemical breakdown via gastric secretions to form ___

Answer 37

chyme

Question 38

Parietal & chief cells controlled by autonomic nervous system & _____

Answer 38

hormones from endocrine cells in region of pylorus

Question 39

(endocrine cells) _____, inhibits gastric secretion & stimulates smooth Mm contraction

Answer 39

secretin (secreted by "S" cells)

Question 40

The basic secretory unit of the stomach

Answer 40

gastric gland

Question 41

In Stomach--Food undergoes mechanical breakdown via ____ & chemical breakdown via ____ to form chyme

Answer 41

muscular activity; gastric secretions

Question 42

in addition to inner circular & outer longitudinal Mm layers of stomach, also third _____ layer in muscularis externa

Answer 42

inner oblique

Question 43

Gastritis can be caused by irritation due to:

Answer 43

excessive alcohol use, chronic vomiting, stress, or the use of certain medications such as aspirin or other anti-inflammatory drugs.

Question 44

(endocrine cells)-- ____, stimulates secretion of HCI & pepsin

Answer 44

gastrin (secreted by "G" cells)

Question 45

secrete gastrin and serotoin

Answer 45

gastric endocrine cells

Question 46

(Region of stomach) glandular region of stomach; secretes acid, pepsin, & some mucus

Answer 46

fundus

Question 47

____ are any ulcers that affect both the stomach and small intestines

Answer 47

Peptic ulcers

Question 48

Parietal cells secrete:

Answer 48

Hcl and intrinsic factors

Question 49

___ breaks down large protein molecules into small peptides.

Answer 49

Pepsin

Question 50

Gastric Epithelium secretions (3)

Answer 50

1. hydrochloric acid 2. proteolytic enzyme (primarily pepsin) 3. Mucus (mainly neutral mucus)

Question 51

Little absorption occurs in stomach, except for water, alcohol, & some drugs (e.g., aspirin) * Stomach lining contains prominent longitudinal folds: ____

Answer 51

rugae

Question 52

(gastric glands) _____ — secrete soluble mucus; located in upper third of pit, at neck of gastric gland

Answer 52

mucus neck cells

Question 53

gastric pits Form entrance to ____, secrete ~2 liters watery gastric juice/ day

Answer 53

gastric glands (straight, tubular glands),

Question 54

____ and ____ cells have long life spans; replaced about 1 yr

Answer 54

Parietal & chief cells

Question 55

Gastritis can be caused by irritation due to excessive alcohol use, chronic vomiting, stress, or the use of certain medications such as aspirin or other anti-inflammatory drugs. It may also be caused by any of the following:

Answer 55

1) Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori 2) Bile reflux

Question 56

(gastric glands) ___ cells -secrete thick, insoluble mucus & bicarbonate ions; located on surface

Answer 56

surface mucus cells

Question 57

Secretes acid, digestive enzymes and mucus. Also contains hormone-secreting cells.

Answer 57

Gastric Epithelium:

Question 58

Secrete variety of peptide hormones in response to local factors; control Gl motility, gastric secretion

Answer 58

endocrine cells

Question 59

(gastric glands) Pepsinogen converted to pepsin by action of ____

Answer 59

HCL

Question 60

A backflow of bile into the stomach from the bile tract (that connects to the liver and gallbladder)

Answer 60

Bile reflux:

Question 61

Gastric glands contains ____ and ___, Gastrin and Lipase

Answer 61

HCl & pepsinogen (inactive precursor of pepsin, hydrolyzes protein)