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Histology Exam 3 > Stomach > Flashcards

Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

What region of the stomach contains endocrine cells?

A

Pylorus

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2
Q

(endocrine cells)–______ (sec by
D cells) inhibits secretion of gastrin

A

somatostatin

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3
Q

(Region of stomach) surrounded by LES smooth mm; contains predominantly mucus-secreting glands

A

cardia

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4
Q

____ contain several types of
cells- 5 different classes.

A

Gastric glands

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5
Q

= APUD cells (amine precursor uptake & decarboxylation)

A

enteroendocrine cells

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6
Q

(Region of stomach) contains 1’
mucus & gastrin secreting glands

A

Pylorus and Pyloric antrum

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7
Q

granules contain pepsinogen, secreted into lumen and converted to
pepsin by gastric acid

A

Chief cells (found closer to base)

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8
Q

(foveolae)

A

gastric pits

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9
Q

(Gastric muscosal cells) ___ cells - smaller & less regular in shape, more compressed
& distorted by adjacent cells; basal nucleus & small mucin vacuoles.

A

Mucus Neck Cells

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10
Q

oxyntic cells

A

parietal cells

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11
Q

inactive
precursor of pepsin, hydrolyzes
protein

A

pepsinogen

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12
Q

In glandular body of stomach, mucosa
contains ______

A

prominent gastric pits (foveolae)

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13
Q

(Region of stomach) the largest main portion of stomach; where food is mixed and starts to break down, contains acid-& enzyme-secreting glands

A

body

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14
Q

Secrete HCl & intrinsic factor (necessary for absorption of Vit
B12 from ileum)

A

parietal cells (oxyntic cells)

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15
Q

(Region of stomach) Smooth mm ____ controls outflow from stomach into duodenum

A

pyloric sphincter

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16
Q

Gastrin and Lipase here?

A

Gastric glands

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17
Q

Gastritis: Infections caused by ___ and __

A

bacteria and viruses

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18
Q

chief cells stain purple due to:

A

large #’s of ribosomes

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19
Q

(gastric glands)

______ cells -
–Continuously divide to replace
lost or damaged epithelial cells
–As mature, migrate up or down
gland
–mainly in neck of gland

A

Undifferentiated Stem Cells

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20
Q

Ulcers frequently associated
with chronic infection with
____

A

Helicobacter pylori

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21
Q

Parietal & chief cells controlled by _____ & hormones from endocrine
cells in region of pylorus

A

autonomic nervous system

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22
Q

_____ cells also produce intrinsic
factor which is necessary for
absorption of Vitamin B12

A

Parietal Cells (found in isthmus and neck)

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23
Q

Regions of stomach:

A

cardia, fundus, body & pylorus

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24
Q

Stomach ulcers, which are
also known as ____, are painful sores in
the _____

A

gastric ulcers; stomach lining

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25
Q

(i.e., target cells within local vicinity)

A

Paracrine cells

26
Q

Parietal cells, which secrete ____ and ____,
are located primarily in the isthmus and neck regions and appear highly
eosinophilic, while the chief cells responsible for pepsinogen secretion are
located closer to the base of the gland and appear granulated and basophilic.

A

HCl and intrinsic factor

27
Q

A bacteria that lives in the mucous lining
of the stomach; without treatment, the infection can lead to ulcers, and in
some people, stomach cancer.

A

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

28
Q

Gastric Epithelium Cells (5)

A
  1. Acid-producing parietal cells
  2. Enzyme-producing (pepsin) Chief cells
  3. Mucus-secreting cells (surface and neck cells).
  4. Stem cells
  5. Enteroendocrine cells (gastrin-secreting)
29
Q

Parietal cells also secrete ____ which is necessary for
absorption of Vitamin B12

A

intrinsic factor

30
Q

Parietal Cells luminal surface arear increased
by ___

A

deep microvilli

31
Q

Tx stomach ulcers with ____ — 2
long-term abx & proton
pump inhibitor (prevents H+
secretion)

A

“triple therapy”

32
Q

effects of urease (primary and secondary)

A

(primary) inc gastric
pH (secondary) inc acid production

33
Q

Stomach ulcers are a type
of ___

A

peptic ulcer disease.

34
Q

Secrete inactive pepsinogen

  • Located at base of gland (bottom third)
A

pepsin secreting cells —
(F chief cells, peptic cells, or zymogenic cells)

35
Q

H. Pylori, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, mental stress, smoking, alcohol consumption, and genetics are all causes of ________

A

peptic ulcers

36
Q

Helicobacter pylori: produce _____

A

urease

37
Q

Food undergoes mechanical
breakdown via muscular activity &
chemical breakdown via gastric
secretions to form ___

A

chyme

38
Q

Parietal & chief cells controlled by autonomic nervous system & _____

A

hormones from endocrine
cells in region of pylorus

39
Q

(endocrine cells) _____, inhibits gastric secretion & stimulates smooth Mm contraction

A

secretin (secreted by “S” cells)

40
Q

The basic secretory unit of the stomach

A

gastric gland

41
Q

In Stomach–Food undergoes mechanical
breakdown via ____ &
chemical breakdown via ____ to form chyme

A

muscular activity; gastric
secretions

42
Q

in addition to inner circular & outer
longitudinal Mm layers of stomach,
also third _____ layer in
muscularis externa

A

inner oblique

43
Q

Gastritis can be caused by irritation due to:

A

excessive alcohol use, chronic
vomiting, stress, or the use of certain medications such as aspirin or other
anti-inflammatory drugs.

44
Q

(endocrine cells)–
____, stimulates secretion of HCI & pepsin

A

gastrin (secreted by “G” cells)

45
Q

secrete gastrin and serotoin

A

gastric endocrine cells

46
Q

(Region of stomach) glandular region of stomach;
secretes acid, pepsin, &
some mucus

A

fundus

47
Q

____ are any ulcers that affect both the stomach and small intestines

A

Peptic ulcers

48
Q

Parietal cells secrete:

A

Hcl and intrinsic factors

49
Q

___ breaks down large protein molecules into small peptides.

A

Pepsin

50
Q

Gastric Epithelium secretions (3)

A
  1. hydrochloric acid
  2. proteolytic enzyme (primarily pepsin)
  3. Mucus (mainly neutral mucus)
51
Q

Little absorption occurs in stomach,
except for water, alcohol, & some drugs
(e.g., aspirin)

  • Stomach lining contains prominent
    longitudinal folds: ____
A

rugae

52
Q

(gastric glands) _____ — secrete
soluble mucus; located in upper
third of pit, at neck of gastric
gland

A

mucus neck cells

53
Q

gastric pits Form entrance to ____, secrete ~2
liters watery gastric juice/ day

A

gastric glands (straight, tubular glands),

54
Q

____ and ____ cells have long life spans; replaced about 1 yr

A

Parietal & chief cells

55
Q

Gastritis can be caused by irritation due to excessive alcohol use, chronic
vomiting, stress, or the use of certain medications such as aspirin or other
anti-inflammatory drugs. It may also be caused by any of the following:

A

1) Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori
2) Bile reflux

56
Q

(gastric glands) ___ cells -secrete
thick, insoluble mucus &
bicarbonate ions; located on
surface

A

surface mucus cells

57
Q

Secretes acid, digestive enzymes and
mucus. Also contains hormone-secreting cells.

A

Gastric Epithelium:

58
Q

Secrete variety of peptide hormones in response to local factors; control Gl motility, gastric secretion

A

endocrine cells

59
Q

(gastric glands) Pepsinogen converted to pepsin by
action of ____

A

HCL

60
Q

A backflow of bile into the stomach from the bile tract (that
connects to the liver and gallbladder)

A

Bile reflux:

61
Q

Gastric glands contains ____ and ___, Gastrin and Lipase

A

HCl & pepsinogen (inactive
precursor of pepsin, hydrolyzes
protein)

Histology Exam 3 (11 decks)

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