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Histology Exam 3 > Teeth > Flashcards

Teeth Flashcards

1
Q

Teeth are grossly divided into:

A

root and crown

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2
Q

Portion of tooth embedded in bone
called:

A

tooth root

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3
Q

Portion of tooth embedded in part of jaw called
___

A

alveolar ridge

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4
Q

Portion of tooth embedded in tooth socket called
___

A

alveolus

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5
Q

Portion of tooth that projects into
oral cavity—

A

crown

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6
Q

Tooth is Protected by layer of highly
mineralized ____, covers crown

A

enamel (E),

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7
Q

___ is a hard, translucent
substance, containing < 1% organic
material & 96-98% hydroxyapatite

A

Enamel

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8
Q

Enamel is Secreted by tall, ______ of
enamel organ

A

columnar ameloblasts

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9
Q

Ameloblasts degenerate when ____, after which the enamel cannot be
replaced by new synthesis

A

the tooth
erupts

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10
Q

Apical, secretory end of ameloblast forms
_____
(microtubules & secretory vesicles)

A

single, large process, Tome’s process

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11
Q

Enamel mineralization is _____,
resulting in highly calcified enamel rods
or prisms—roughly hexagonal, ~4-8m in
diameter

A

non-uniform

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12
Q

Enamel mineralization is non-uniform,
resulting in highly calcified ____—roughly hexagonal, ~4-8m in
diameter

A

enamel rods
or prisms

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13
Q

Enamel rods extend from ameloblasts at
enamel surface to ____
junction

A

dentino-enamel junction

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14
Q

Bulk of tooth composed of less
mineralized ___

A

dentine

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15
Q

(Dentine) Secreted by odontoblasts of dental
papilla as _____

A

non-mineralized pre-dentine

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16
Q

T/F: Matrix vacuoles (Ca2+ and PO4-) play a
key role in mineralization of dentine
matrix [like odontoblasts].

A

True

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17
Q

Dentine contains ____ collagen and ___

A

Type I collagen and GAGs

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18
Q

Dentine arranged in ____—
hollow, parallel tubes radiating from
pulp cavity

A

dentine tubules

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19
Q

Dentine arranged in dentine tubules—
hollow, parallel tubes radiating from
____

A

pulp cavity

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20
Q

Dentine arranged in dentine tubules—
hollow, parallel tubes radiating from
pulp cavity—
Contain long, rod-like cytoplasmic
processes of odontoblasts (aka _____)

A

Tome’s
fibers

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21
Q

___ contains
support structures—e.g., sensory
nerves & blood vessels

A

Central pulp cavity

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22
Q

Dentine innervated by ___

A

myelinated
nerves

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23
Q

____ is mesodermal in
origin; resembles primitive
mesenchyme

A

Dental pulp

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24
Q

Dental Pulp: Richly supplied by capillaries from
arterioles running with ____

A

periodontal
ligament

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25
Q

Tooth root is covered by a
thin layer of ___

A

cementum

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26
Q

Tooth root covered by cementun secreted by cementoblasts which mature into ____

A

cementocytes

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27
Q

Cementocytes that lie
against the surface of the
periodontal ligament
probably produce new
cementum by ____

A

appositional
growth.

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28
Q

Region of tooth between root & crown is ___

A

neck
of tooth

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29
Q

Neck of tooth is Protected by masticatory oral mucosa called
____ ; covers upper portion of
alveolar ridge

A

gingiva (= gums);

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30
Q

Gingiva sometimes divided into

A

attached and free gingiva

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31
Q

gingiva covering upper alveolar bone

A

attached gingiva

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32
Q

gingiva forming cuff~neck of tooth

A

free gingiva

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33
Q

Space between free gingiva & crown called
___

A

gingival sulcus or crevice

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34
Q

Gingival sulcus Lined by ______—very thin, only
2-3 cells thick, easily breached by bacteria =>
periodontal disease, gingivitis

A

crevicular epithelium

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35
Q

Tissues that surround & support tooth
collectively referred to as ____—
include epithelium, cementum, periodontal
ligament & alveolar bone

A

periodontium

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36
Q

periodontium includes: (4)

A

epithelium, cementum, periodontal
ligament & alveolar bone

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37
Q

Cementum layer anchored to bone
of alveolus with ____

A

fibers of
periodontal ligament or
membrane

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38
Q

Cementum layer anchored to bone
of alveolus with fibers of
periodontal ligament or
membrane—composed of dense,
collageous fibers, called ____

A

Sharpey’s
fibers

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39
Q

Run at oblique angle, support tooth
in socket
* Allows slight movement of tooth
during mastication

A

sharpeys fibers

40
Q

May see occasional clusters of
epithelial cells within ____t—vestigial epithelial rests
(of Malassez)

A

periodontal
ligament

41
Q

(cap stage) Tooth formed between opposing layers
of epithelial cells—
____ of enamel organ &
____ of dental papilla

A

ameloblasts ; odontoblasts

42
Q

enamel is of ____ origin

A

ectodermal

43
Q

Dentine, cementum, pulp, &
periodontal ligament are ___ origin

A

mesodermal

44
Q

(cap stage) 6th week of fetal development, a
horseshoe-shaped epithelial ridge
arises from ____

A

oral epithelium

45
Q

(cap stage) ~6th week of fetal development, a
horseshoe-shaped epithelial ridge
arises from oral epithelium
* Forms ____ in position of
future jaws

A

dental lamina

46
Q

(cap stage) In each quadrant, lamina develops
several globular, ectodermal swellings
(one for each deciduous tooth) =>
Superficial half forms ___ ;
deep half forms ____

A

enamel organs ; dental papilla

47
Q

(early bell stage) Cells of epithelial tooth bud
develop into the ___

A

enamel organ

48
Q

(early bell stage) cells of epithelial tooth bud develop into the enamel organ. Become a bell-shaped structure
with a core of loosely arranged
stellate cells & peripheral layer of
cuboidal/low columnar epithelium
(external & internal enamel
epithelium). Meet at ____

A

cervical loop.

49
Q

(early bell stage) Internal enamel epithelium
differentiates into layer of
ameloblasts & 2-3 cell thick
_____

A

stratum intermedium

50
Q

(early bell stage) Mesenchyme condense to form
_______. Row of
odontoblasts develop at junction
with ameloblasts.

A

dental papillae

51
Q

(early bell stage) Permanent tooth arises from side-
growth of ___

A

dental lamina.

52
Q

Enamel organ initially____-shaped (cap
stage)

A

cup-shaped

53
Q

Cells of enamel organ progressively
differentiate, become ____, with extracellular matrix of
GAG’s

A

stellate
reticulum

54
Q

enamel later form bell-shaped structure in ___ stage

A

bell stage

55
Q

(bell stage) Cells lining outer, convex surface of
enamel organ become ____

A

external
enamel epithelium

56
Q

(bell stage) Cells lining concave surface of
enamel organ form____, differentiate into tall,
columnar ameloblasts (A)

A

internal enamel
epithelium

57
Q

(bell stage) Cells lining concave surface of
enamel organ form internal enamel
epithelium, differentiate into _____

A

tall,
columnar ameloblasts (A)

58
Q

—enamel formation

A

Amelogenesis

59
Q

(odontogenesis) Deep to developing enamel organs
is primitive mesenchyme; develops
into ___

A

dental papilla

60
Q

(odontogenesis) Cells lining convex surface of
dental papilla develop into
___

A

odontoblasts

61
Q

—dentine
formation

A

Dentinogenesis

62
Q

(late bell stage) Development of ameloblasts
induces differentiation of
_____, but calcification
of dentine induces deposition
of enamel

A

odontoblasts

63
Q

(late bell stage) Development of ameloblasts
induces differentiation of
odontoblasts, but calcification
of dentine induces ___

A

deposition
of enamel

64
Q

(late bell stage) Tooth formation initiated by
deposition of organic _____ by odontoblasts on
surface of dental papilla—later
calcified into dentine

A

pre-
dentine

65
Q

____
secondarily induces enamel
production by ameloblasts

A

Calcification of dentine matrix

66
Q

Odontoblasts have odontoblast
processes, embedded in
dentine matrix—form ___

A

dentine
tubules

67
Q

(odontogenesis) Enamel forms in mineralized
columns of ____, separated
by less mineralized interprismatic
material

A

enamel rods

68
Q

(odontogenesis) Enamel forms in mineralized
columns of enamel rods, separated
by _____

A

less mineralized interprismatic
material

69
Q

Subsequent to deposit of dentine &
enamel, dental lamina ____

A

fragments &
atrophies

70
Q

At time of tooth eruption, enamel
organ & ameloblasts ___

A

degenerate

71
Q

Overlying mucosa ___ as
tooth erupts, exposing crown

A

separates

72
Q

Dental papilla shrinks, becomes
___, surrounded by dentine

A

dental pulp

73
Q

(late bell stage) Dental papillae enclosed by
dentine to become ___

A

pulp cavity

74
Q

(late bell stage) ____- a
proliferation of epithelial
cells located at the cervical
loop of the enamel organ.
Hertwig epithelial root sheath
initiates the formation of
dentine in the root by
causingthe differentiation of
odontoblasts from the dental
papilla.

A

Hertwig’s root sheath

75
Q

The root sheath eventually
disintegrates with the
___, but
residual pieces that do not
completely disappear are
seen as epithelial cell rests

A

periodontal ligament

76
Q

After tooth formation is complete, small
amounts of ____continue to be produced,
may eventually obliterate pulp cavity

A

2’ dentine

77
Q

Overall shape of enamel organ determines 3-D
shape of ___

A

tooth crown

78
Q

Outer rim of enamel organ known as ____

A

epithelial
sheath of Hertwig (= Hertwig’s root sheath,
HERS)

79
Q

Outer rim of enamel organ known as epithelial
sheath of Hertwig determines ____

A

cross-sectional outline of tooth

80
Q

Surrounding mesenchyme forms dental follicle
(DF) => ___

A

periodontal ligament

81
Q

___ of permanent teeth develop as
buds from dental lamina & “deciduous” enamel
organ

A

Enamel organs

82
Q

In case of ____, dental lamina proliferates
caudally to form enamel organs of 2’ dentition

A

molars

83
Q

In humans, tooth development
begins ~___ week of fetal
development

A

6th week of fetal development

84
Q

In humans, tooth development
begins ~6th week of fetal
development—but tooth
eruption does not occur until ___ after birth

A

6-
30 months

85
Q

premolars usually have ___ roots

A

2

86
Q

molars usually have ___ roots

A

2-4 roots

87
Q

Between 6-12 years of age,
deciduous teeth replaced by
___

A

permanent dentition

88
Q

____, administered during
development of permanent
dentition incorporated into enamel
=> yellow discoloration of teeth

A

Tetracycline

89
Q

Orthodontia accomplished by
osteoblast & osteoclast activity in
___

A

alveolus

90
Q

___—results when weak
acids in food & drink erode
calcified enamel, augmented by
bacterial action

A

Dental caries

91
Q

____helps harden enamel &
kills bacteria

A

Fluoride

92
Q

Caries may extend into dentine or
pulp cavity, produce abscesses or
death of tooth =>

A

root canal

93
Q

___—caused by
accumulation of calcified food &
bacterial debris (plaque) in
gingival sulcus => widening of
gingival sulcus, possible
inflammation & destruction of
periodontal ligament

A

Periodontal disease

94
Q

inflammation of gums—

A

gingivitis

95
Q

Inflammation of periodontal
ligament—

A

periodontitis

96
Q
A

Histology Exam 3 (11 decks)

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