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Histology Exam 3 > Exam 3 Final > Flashcards

Exam 3 Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Periodontal Ligament derived from?

A

Dental Follicle

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2
Q

Which one of these is not apart of the enamel organ

A

odontoblasts

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3
Q

Which develop first between ameloblasts and odontoblasts?

A

ameloblasts?

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4
Q

What differentiates first in early bell stage of odontogenesis? Ameloblast or odontoblast

A

ameloblast

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5
Q

T/F: : ameloblasts and enamel organ start degenerating after the eruption

A

true

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6
Q

Which cell has a receptor for calcitonin in order to stop bone reabsorption?

A

Osteoclasts

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7
Q

What cells secrete calcitonin?

A

Parafollicular/C Cells

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8
Q

What cells secrete PTH?

A

Chief Cells

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9
Q

ID chief cells

A

!

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10
Q

the secretory ends of ameloblasts form what processes?

A

Tome’s Processes

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11
Q

What is an auerbach plexus and where is it located?

A
  1. Parasympathetic Ganglion located between inner circular and outer longitudinal (muscularis externa)
  2. Parasympathic=excitatory stimulation of smooth muscle of gut
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12
Q

Damage to an auerbach plexus would result in what?

A

decreased GI motility

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13
Q

B12 is not absorbed..what gastic cell is likely inactivated?

A

Parietal Cells: Intrinsic Factor absorped Vitaminb12

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14
Q

Tubes lines with cuboidal epithelium that are for secreting bicarbonate and water (resorb cl)

A

Intercalated ducts

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15
Q

Which cell of the DCT work with acid-base balance and secrete bicarbonate?

A

Intercalated cell

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16
Q
  1. Which pancreatic secretion doesn’t secrete in its active form?
A

Trypsin and Chymosin

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17
Q

Which stimulates and releases bile from the gall bladder?

A

Ckk
(CCK stimulates contraction of the Gall Bladder (stores and concentrates bile) )

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18
Q

What cell of the islet of Langerhans secrete glucagon?

A

Alpha (a) cells

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19
Q

What does the secretion of alpha cells do?

A

increase Blood Sugar

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20
Q

What is the role of Brunner’s glands?

A

secrete Alkaline Mucuous to protect walls against acidic PH

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21
Q

What is the mucosa of the small intestine?

A
  1. (absorptive in small intestine…absorbing digested nutrients)
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22
Q

What is the mucosa of the large intestine?

A

Absorptive/Protective in large intestine…specializes in water absorption and mucous secretion)

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23
Q

Where is protective mucosa found?

A
  1. (Protective in OC, pharynx, esophagus, anal canal…strat squam)
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24
Q

What epithelium in the esophagus?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium: non keratinized

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25
Q

Gastric ulcers. What is disturbed?

A

Gastric Mucosa

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26
Q

What occurs when H. Pylori infect the inestines?

A

Attack the mucosal layer of the stomach lining–disrupting the linked enterocyte formation

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27
Q

What secretes the precursor for pepsin?

A

Chief cells –secrete pepsinogen (in parathyroid gland)

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28
Q

What cells secrete antibacterial proteins like defensins and lysozyme?

A

Paneth Cells

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29
Q

What hormone is associated with Cushing disease?

A

excess cortisol secretion (high ACTH)

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30
Q

Graves diseases associate with what?

A

TSH

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31
Q

Celiac disease results in folds in the small intestine due to __

A

degenerate villi

(causes villus blunting, atrophy, and loss)

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32
Q

What stops gastric secretion & stimulates smooth m contraction of stomach?

A

Secretin secreted by the S Cells

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33
Q
  1. What hormone stimulates GH and increases appetite?
A

Ghrelin

34
Q

Somatotropin (GH) stimulates ____ which coordinates food intake with GH secretion)

A

Ghrelin

35
Q

What organ is responsible for breakdowns? Resoprtion of water and electrolytes. Produces mucus for elimination of undigested food and waste

A

colon/large intestine

36
Q

Fiber increase GI motility and decreases ___ cancer

A

colon

37
Q

** review portal lobule pictures **

A

!

38
Q

What are the 3 functions of the gastric mucosa?

A

Absorption, secretion, protection

39
Q

T/F: Peristalysis is a function of the gastric mucosa

A

false

40
Q

Where is oxytocin secreted from?

A

synthesized by neuron cell bodies in Paraventricular Nucleus of Hypothalamus

41
Q

Where is ADH secreted from?

A

SUpraoptoic Nucleus of Hypothalamus

42
Q

Oxytocin and ADH are what kind of hormones?

A

Posterior pituitary hormones

43
Q

Fat storing cells w/ lipid droplets for storing vitamin A and D

A

Ito (stellate) cells

44
Q
  1. In liver injury: become capable of synthesizing collagen 1, 3, 4 and laminin)
A

Ito (stellate) cells

45
Q

Which cells are phagocytic in the liver?

A

Kupffer cell

46
Q

Order of the filtration barrier ending at urinary pole

A

Afferent->fenestrated capillaries-> basal lamina–> podocytes of visceral layer of bowman’s capsule–> urinary space

47
Q

Which controls osmotic pressure?

A

loop of henle

48
Q

Loop of henle controls osmotic pressure via ___

A

Countercurrent multiplier system

49
Q

What is the primary site of H20 resorption (removing 75% h20 + cl and Na)

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubules

50
Q

which salivary gland opens opposite of the upper second molar?

A

Parotid Gland (Parotid Duct) …serous

51
Q

Which salivay gland located inferior and medial to ramus of mandible?

A

Submandibular (mixed)

52
Q

Which cells have Baroreceptors for bp?

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

53
Q

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:

A

Renin

54
Q

Where is aldosterone secreted?

A

Zona Glomerulosa

55
Q

Which hormone does the pars intermedia produce?

A

MSH & proopiomelanocortin

56
Q

Anterior pituitary hormone that stimulated the production of melanin

A

MSH (of pars intermedia)

57
Q

Which forms the Peritubular capillary network and drains glomerulus?

A

Efferent arterioles

58
Q

This organ translates light intensity and duration (photoperiod) into endocrine activity

A

pineal gland

59
Q

What makes LH and FSH?

A

Gonadotrophs

60
Q

Describe roles of FSH and LH

A
  1. FSH: stim ov foll dev and estrogen sec of androgen bind prot (Sertoli cells)
  2. LH: helps control menstrual cycle & trigger release of egg

(Gonatotrophs)

61
Q

Calcitonin is released in response to:

A

high serum Calcium levels (secreted by C cells/parafollicular cells)

62
Q

What is present on the visceral layer of the glomerulus or bowman’s capsule?

A

Podocytes

63
Q

Which papilla lacks taste buds?

A

Filiform

64
Q

What glands are associated with circulate and foliate papilla to suspend taste molecules?

A

Von Ebner’s

65
Q

What enzyme in the oral cavity aids in breaking down carbohydrates?

A

Amylase

66
Q

Amylase in Zymogen Granules of ____ Cells of exocrine pancreases

A

Acinar

67
Q

stimulation of acinar cells via ___…duodenum sec

A

CKK

68
Q

What is present in the submucosal layer of the GI tract?

A

The parasympathetic ganglia and meissners plexus

69
Q

___ ganglion in the submucosa excite the muscle to contract

A

Parasympathetic

70
Q
  1. A histological segment has brunners glands, which part of the intestine are you in?
A

Submucosa of Duodenum

71
Q

ID Brunner’s glands

A

! (in submucosa of duodenum)

72
Q

What cells secrete Gastrin?

A

G Cells == enteroendocrine cells

73
Q

Function of the large intestine

A

reabsorb vitamin and water

74
Q

odontoblasts are derived from

A

dental papilla/mesodermal

75
Q

REVIEW PORTAL LOBULE IMAGES

A
76
Q

ID an esophagus based on muscularis externa– looking for upper third

A

voluntary skeletal muscle

77
Q

ID an esophagus based on muscularis externa– middle third

A

skeletal and smooth muscle

78
Q

ID an esophagus based on muscularis externa– lower third

A

smooth muscle only

79
Q

Graves disease associated with

A

TSH

80
Q

ID Chief cells and C Cells

A

(Chief secrete PTH) (Parafollicular/C Cells secrete Calcitonin)

81
Q

TSH is a basophil screted by

A

Thyrotrophs

82
Q

Prolactin is a ___

A

mammotroph

Histology Exam 3 (11 decks)

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