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Anatomy Lecture > Urinary System - E3 > Flashcards

Urinary System - E3 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy of the urinary system

A

2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 bladder
1 urethra

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2
Q

Functions of the urinary system

A

FILTER BLOOD AT THE CHEMICAL LEVEL
regulate blood volume/composition
regulate blood pressure

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3
Q

External kidney anatomy

A

retroperitoneal
3 layers of tissue (superficial to deep)
1. renal fascia - fibrous c.t.; anchors
2. perirenal fat capsule - adipose c.t.; cushions
3. fibrous capsule - transparent fibrous c.t.; shapes

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4
Q

“ren”

“nephr”

A

kidney

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5
Q

calyx

A

cup; collect from medulla

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6
Q

medulla

A

pyramids and columns

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7
Q

Blood supply flow of the kidney

A
  1. renal artery
  2. afferent arteriole
  3. glomerulus
  4. efferent arteriole
  5. peritubular capillaries or vasa recta
  6. renal vein
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8
Q

Nephron

A

functional unit of the kidney

composed of renal corpuscle and renal tubule

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9
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

glomerulus (capillary network) + glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule)

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10
Q

What tissue type is the glomerular capsule

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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11
Q

Renal tubule

A

proximal and distal convoluted tubule + nephron loop

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12
Q

Another name for nephron loop

A

loop of Henle

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13
Q

Two types of nephrons

A

Cortical (more common) - superficial; short loops

Juxtamedullary - deep; long loops

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14
Q

Path of filtrate

A
  1. nephron
  2. collecting duct
  3. papillary duct
  4. minor calyx
  5. major calyx
  6. renal pelvis
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15
Q

When is filtrate considered urine

A

when it enters collecting duct

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16
Q

Function of the ureters

A

pass urine from the kidney to the bladder

17
Q

Bladder

A

hollow, muscular bag

retroperitoneal

18
Q

Bladder histology

A

from internal to external

  1. mucosa - rugae, transitional epithelium
  2. muscularis (detrusor) - 3 layers of smooth muscle form internal urethral sphincter
  3. adventitia - loose c.t.; serosa on superior surface only
19
Q

Urethra

A

passage from bladders to exterior of body
much shorter in females
external urethral sphincter in urogenital diaphragm (voluntary)

Anatomy Lecture (14 decks)

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