Urinary System - E3 Flashcards
Anatomy of the urinary system
2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 bladder
1 urethra
Functions of the urinary system
FILTER BLOOD AT THE CHEMICAL LEVEL
regulate blood volume/composition
regulate blood pressure
External kidney anatomy
retroperitoneal
3 layers of tissue (superficial to deep)
1. renal fascia - fibrous c.t.; anchors
2. perirenal fat capsule - adipose c.t.; cushions
3. fibrous capsule - transparent fibrous c.t.; shapes
“ren”
“nephr”
kidney
calyx
cup; collect from medulla
medulla
pyramids and columns
Blood supply flow of the kidney
- renal artery
- afferent arteriole
- glomerulus
- efferent arteriole
- peritubular capillaries or vasa recta
- renal vein
Nephron
functional unit of the kidney
composed of renal corpuscle and renal tubule
Renal corpuscle
glomerulus (capillary network) + glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule)
What tissue type is the glomerular capsule
simple cuboidal epithelium
Renal tubule
proximal and distal convoluted tubule + nephron loop
Another name for nephron loop
loop of Henle
Two types of nephrons
Cortical (more common) - superficial; short loops
Juxtamedullary - deep; long loops
Path of filtrate
- nephron
- collecting duct
- papillary duct
- minor calyx
- major calyx
- renal pelvis
When is filtrate considered urine
when it enters collecting duct
Function of the ureters
pass urine from the kidney to the bladder
Bladder
hollow, muscular bag
retroperitoneal
Bladder histology
from internal to external
- mucosa - rugae, transitional epithelium
- muscularis (detrusor) - 3 layers of smooth muscle form internal urethral sphincter
- adventitia - loose c.t.; serosa on superior surface only
Urethra
passage from bladders to exterior of body
much shorter in females
external urethral sphincter in urogenital diaphragm (voluntary)
