Basic Embryology - Final Exam

Question 1

gestation

Answer 1

period from fertilization to parturition

Question 2

parturition

Answer 2

childbirth

Question 3

conceptus

Answer 3

all the stages of development and products of fertilization

Question 4

Biological divisions of conceptus

Answer 4

1. ovarian cycle begins
   (2) weeks
2. ovulation/fertilization
   (8) weeks
3. embryonic stage
   (30) weeks
4. fetal stage/parturition

Question 5

fertilization

Answer 5

sperm and egg coming together
occurs in uterine tube (lateral 3rd of it)
sperm viable longer than eggs

Question 6

zygote

Answer 6

the single celled result of the fusion of sperm and egg via fertilization

Question 7

morula

Answer 7

a solid ball (16+ blastomeres) of cells (blastomeres) by the 3rd day of the embryonic stage

Question 8

____ and ___ ____ move the morula through the uterine tube into the uterine cavity by day 4

Answer 8

peristalsis and ciliary action

Question 9

when does the morula become a blastocyst

Answer 9

by the 5th day

Question 10

blastocyst

Answer 10

hollow ball of cells composed of: embryoblast, trophoblast, and blastocoel

Question 11

embryoblast

Answer 11

inner cell mass, becomes embryo

Question 12

trophoblast

Answer 12

out layer, becomes placenta and extra membranes

Question 13

blastocoel

Answer 13

fluid filled cavity of the blastocyst

Question 14

implantation

Answer 14

begins around the 6th day

1. blastocyst attaches and embeds into uterine wall
2. trophoblast secretes enzymes that digest endometrium
3. after about a week, the endometrium completely covers conceptus

Question 15

bilayer embryonic disc

Answer 15

differentiation
epiblast will become amnion
hypoblast will become yolk sac

Question 16

gastrulation forms 3 primary germ layers, what are they

Answer 16

ectoderm - from epiblast; nervous tissue and epidermis

mesoderm - between the two layers; muscle, CT, blood

endoderm - from hypoblast; lining GI, respiratory and urinary organs

Question 17

most organs are formed by the ___ week

Answer 17

8th

Question 18

fetal stage

Answer 18

continued development of the organs

by end of 7th month there is enough surfactant in lungs to enhance survival

Question 19

function of the embryonic membrane

Answer 19

protect/nourish the embryo

considered accessory organs

Question 20

what are the embryonic membranes

Answer 20

1. amnion
2. chorion
3. placenta and umbilical cord

Question 21

amnion

Answer 21

“bag of waters”

thin, transparent sac that surrounds embryo w/amniotic fluid

amniotic fluid absorbs shock and provides support

Question 22

chorion

Answer 22

outermost membrane
derived from trophoblast
becomes placenta

Question 23

placenta

Answer 23

"flat cake"
combo of fetal and maternal tissue
chorionic villi grow into endometrium
decidua is modified endometrium
function: exchange of nutrients/waste by diffusion

Question 24

placental sinus

Answer 24

endometrial capillaries and intervillous spaces

Question 25

decidua

Answer 25

“falling off”

Question 26

placentation takes __ months to complete

Answer 26

3 months

Question 27

umbilical cord

Answer 27

transports blood to/from placenta/fetus

2 arteries, 1 vein, CT

Question 28

striae

Answer 28

stretch marks

Question 29

uterus increases in size due to (2)

Answer 29

hyperplasia and hypertrophy

Question 30

results of the increase in uterus size

Answer 30

overall compression in bladder, IVC, GI tract, thoracic cavity

Question 31

puerperium

Answer 31

post-delivery recovery; 6 weeks

uterus undergoes involution - reduction back to normal size

Question 32

obstetrics

Answer 32

“midwife”

branch of medicine dealing w/maternal aid

Question 33

mammary glands

Answer 33

modified sweat glands surrounded by adipose and CT within superficial fascia

Question 34

levels of organization of the mammary gland

Answer 34

1. mammary gland - secretory portion
2. lobe
3. lobule
4. alveolus - secretory unit

Question 35

alveolus

Answer 35

little pit

Question 36

areola

Answer 36

surrounds the nipples; rough area due to modified sebaceous glands

Question 37

suspensory ligaments

Answer 37

run between lobes from deep fascia to dermis for support

Question 38

path of milk flow

Answer 38

1. alveolus
2. lactiferous duct (1/lobe)
3. lactiferous sinus
4. opens to the surface at nipple

Question 39

suckling

Answer 39

stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cells within alveolus

“oranges in a mesh bag”