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Anatomy Lecture > Special Senses - E4 > Flashcards

Special Senses - E4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is..
gustation
olfaction
the vomeronasal organ (VNO)

A

eating
smelling
phermones

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2
Q

Cell types of gustation areas

A

all epithelial cells
1. gustatory cells: receptor cells w/short lifespan; have gustatory hairs that protrude into taste pores

  1. supporting cells
  2. basal cells: generate new gustatory cells
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3
Q

Dendrites from which CN are in the gustation areas

A

CN VII, IX, X

synapse at base of gustatory cells

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4
Q

Location of olfaction epithelia

A

superior nasal septum and concha

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5
Q

Cell types of olfaction areas

A
  1. Olfactory sensory neurons
  2. supporting cells
  3. olfactory stem cells
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6
Q

olfactory sensory neuron polarity

A

bipolar

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7
Q

axons from the olfactory neurons form what CN?

A

CN I-Olfactory

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8
Q

Vomeronasal organ

A

VNO
2 small, cigar-shaped sacs on either side of nasal septum
receptor cells that are bipolar neurons with microvilli
detect phermones
humans do not have the pathway to utilize this organ

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9
Q

What are..
palpebrae
bulbars

A

eyelids

eyeballs

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10
Q

Muscles for eyelids

A

orbicularis oculi - closes

levator palpebrae superioris - opens

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11
Q

conjuctiva

A

mucous membrane lining the palpebrae and bulbar

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12
Q

lacrimal apparatus

A

tear production via lacrimal gland

tears drain medially via nasolacrimal duct into nasal cavity

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13
Q

names and cranial nerves associated with the extrinsic eye muscles

A
  1. Lateral rectus: VI-Abducens
  2. Superior oblique & Trochlea: IV-Trochlear
  3. medial rectus
  4. superior rectus
  5. inferior rectus
  6. inferior oblique
    3-6: III-Oculomotor
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14
Q

3 layers of the bulbar from outermost to innermost

A
  1. Fibrous layer
  2. Vascular layer
  3. Inner Layer
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15
Q

Fibrous layer of the eyeball

A

Sclera is posterior 5/6; fibrous c.t. maintains focus length

Cornea is anterior 1/6; avascular curvature helps focus light

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16
Q

Vascular layer of the eyeball

A

Choroid is the dark, vascular membrane lining sclera that absorbs light

Ciliary body is composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes

Iris is the anterior colored flap from ciliary body that defines the pupil

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17
Q

ciliary muscle

A

anterior ring which alters lens thickness for focusing

18
Q

ciliary processes

A

vascular projections that secrete aqueous humor

19
Q

pupillary constrictor

A

circular muscle (smooth) that makes the pupil smaller in the parasympathetic response

20
Q

pupillary dilator

A

radial muscle (myoepithelial cells) that dilate the pupil in the sympathetic response

21
Q

Innermost layer of the eyeball

AKA nervous layer

A

known as the retina

lines posterior 2/3

22
Q

Neural portion of the retina

A

photoreceptor layer has the rods and cones

ganglion cell layer has the axons from CNII

23
Q

Rods vs cones

A

rods are black and white pigments

cones are colored pigments

24
Q

macula lutea and fovea centralis

A

pigmented center of the retina

fovea centralis is the depression in center of macula, with the sharpest visual acuity

25
Q

Optic disc

A

“blind spot”

point of exit of CN II

26
Q

anterior and posterior segment of interior eyeball

A

anterior segment has aqueous humor that is split into anterior chamber (absorbs humor) and posterior chamber (produces humor)

posterior segment has vitreous humor

27
Q

Ciliary zonule

A

suspensory ligament that holds the lens in position

28
Q

Visual pathway to the cerebral cortex

A
  1. optic nerves
  2. optic chiasma
  3. optic tracts
  4. thalamus
  5. cerebrum
29
Q

2 special senses of the ear

A

conduction of waves for balance and hearing

30
Q

Outer ear function

A

to collect and direct sound waves

31
Q

Outer ear parts

A
  1. Pinna (auricle) - elastic cartilage and skin

2. External acoustic meatus (auditory canal) - skin-lined body tunnel w/hair, ceruminous and sebaceous glands

32
Q

Middle ear functions

A

equalize pressure

transfer sound waves to inner ear

33
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

ear drum
separates the outer ear from the middle ear
thin partition of fibrous c.t.

34
Q

ossicles of the middle ear

A
  1. malleous (hammer)
  2. incus (anvil)
  3. stapes (stirrup)
35
Q

skeletal muscles of the middle ear

A
  1. tensor tympani - tenses tympanic membrane
  2. stapedius - limits movement of stapes
    both help to dampen vibrations
36
Q

Structures of the inner ear

A
  1. Bony labyrinth (petrous portion of temporal bone)
  2. Membranous labyrinth (fluid-filled) that is w/i the bony labyrinth
  3. Perilymph is outside of the membranous labyrinth
  4. Endolymph is inside the membranous labyrinth
37
Q

These bony labyrinth structures contain what membranous labyrinth structures

  1. semicircular canals
  2. vestibule
  3. cochlea
A
  1. semicircular ducts
  2. utricle and saccule
  3. cochlear duct
38
Q

Hairs cells in the ampulla of semicircular ducts are stimulated by _____ and detect _______

A

changes in rate and direction of movement (angular acceleration)

dynamic equilibrium

39
Q

Hair cells in the macula of utricle and saccule are stimulated by _____ and detect ______

A

gravity and linear acceleration

static equilibrium and dynamic equilibrium

40
Q

Hair cells in the spiral organ of Corti in cochlear duct are stimulated by _______ and detect _______

A

air vibrations

sound

41
Q

oval window vs round window

A

both are thin, bony partitions that separate inner and middle ear

oval window is what the stapes fills

round window dissipates pressure and is covered by the secondary tympanic membrane

42
Q

Path of sound vibrations

A
  1. pinna
  2. external acoustic meatus
  3. tympanic membrane
  4. malleous
  5. incus
  6. stapes
  7. oval window
  8. bony labyrinth
  9. membranous labyrinth
  10. hair receptor cells
  11. CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear

Anatomy Lecture (14 decks)

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