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Anatomy Lecture > Digestive System - E3 > Flashcards

Digestive System - E3 Flashcards

1
Q

another name for digestive tract

A

alimentary canal

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2
Q

what is the majority of the length of the digestive tract

A

gastrointestinal tract

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3
Q

Peritoneum

A

largest serous membrane

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4
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

on wall, not associated w/organs

retroperitoneal are where only one surface is covered

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5
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

serosa; surround organs

intraperitoneal if enclosed on both sides

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6
Q

“enter”

A

Small intestine

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7
Q

Functions of the digestive system

A
  1. ingestion
  2. propulsion
  3. mechanical breakdown
  4. chemical breakdown
  5. absorption
  6. defecation
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8
Q

Four basic tissue layers of the digestive tract

A
  1. mucosa - simple col. epi.
  2. submucosa - loose c.t.
  3. muscularis - arcular and longitudinal layers
  4. serosa (adventitia) - epi. and c.t.
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9
Q

Functions of the arcular and longitudinal layers

A

arcular - dilation

longitudinal - propulsion

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10
Q

Enteric nervous system

A

myenteric nerve plexus

submucosal nerve plexus

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11
Q

Another name for the oral cavity

A

buccal cavity

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12
Q

What is the purpose of lips (labia)?

A

suckling

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13
Q

Uvula

A

Posterior projection; closes off nasopharynx during swallowing

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14
Q

Tongue muscles

A

Intrinsic - shape

Extrinsic - movement

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15
Q

Dentitions

Cuspid

A

Dentitions are sets of teeth

Cuspid is the tooth itself

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16
Q

deciduous vs permanent teeth

A

deciduous are the primary, baby teeth, 20

permanent are the secondary, adult teeth, 32

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17
Q

Four types of teeth and their function

A

incisors - bite
canines - puncture
premolars - crush/grind
molars - crush/grind

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18
Q

Anchoring of teeth

A

in bony socket of cementum and periodontal ligament which function as cellular glue and shock absorption, respectively

19
Q

Salivary glands

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

20
Q

inferior pharyngeal constrictor

A

also called upper esophageal sphincter

controls passage from pharynx to esophagus

21
Q

lower esophageal sphincter

A

also called cardiac sphincter

controls passage from esophagus to cardia of stomach

22
Q

muscular component of the esophagus

A

upper - skeletal - voluntary
middle - mixed - both
lower - smooth - involuntary

23
Q

4 regions and 2 curvatures of the stomach

A 
Regions:
1. cardia
2. fundus
3. corpus (body)
4. pyloric part
Curvatures:
1. greater curve
2. lesser curve
24
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

also called gastroduodenal sphincter

regulates entry from the stomach to the small intestine

25
Q

Rugae

A

temporary folds that allow expansion

26
Q

Function of the stomach

A

“holding tank”

chemical digestion continuation

27
Q

Small intestine

A

major site of chemical digestion and absorption

long and small diameter to increase SA

28
Q

Parts of the small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

29
Q

Circular folds

A

permanent spirals that slow passage and increase SA

villi and microvilli also help to increase SA

30
Q

Ileocecal valve

A

prevents backflow from large intestine

31
Q

“vermi”

A

worm

32
Q

Regions of the large intestine

A
  1. cecum
  2. colon
  3. rectum
  4. anal canal and anus
33
Q

What are the two anal sphincters?

A

internal anal sphincter - smooth muscle

external anal sphincter - skeletal muscle

34
Q

function of teniae coli

A

contract and pull colon into pouches (haustra)

35
Q

epiploic appendages

A

little fat pads of the large intestine, unknown function

36
Q

Functions of the large intestine

A

absorb water and nutrients

defecation

37
Q

Function of the liver

A

primary metabolic factory

largest gland in body

38
Q

Functional unit of the liver

A

lobule

39
Q

Major cell type of liver

A

hepatocyte

functions to produce/transport bile

40
Q

Gall bladder

A

pear-shaped sac under liver

stores and concentrates bile

41
Q

Pancreas

A

head fits into “C” of duodenum
elongated
retroperitoneal
deep to stomach

42
Q

Histology of pancreas

A

99% Acini

1% pancreatic islets (of Langerhans)

43
Q

Acini

A

exocrine glandular clusters that produce pancreatic juices

44
Q

Pancreatic islets of Langerhans

A

endocrine portion of pancreas that produce insulin, etc.

Anatomy Lecture (14 decks)

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