Endocrine System - Final Exam Flashcards
how are endocrine glands different from exocrine
exocrine glands have a duct system, endocrine are ductless
endocrine glands
secrete hormones (chemical messengers) into blood stream
path of endocrine secretion
- endocrine cell
- interstitial fluid
- capillaries
- through BV
- picked up in target tissues via receptors
the endocrine system controls (more/less) slowly than the nervous system, and lasts (longer/shorter)
more; longer
central endocrine organs
- hypothalamus
- pituitary gland
- pineal gland
peripheral endocrine organs
- thymus
- thyroid gland
- parathyroid glands
- adrenal (suprarenal) glands
- pancreas
- gonads
- other (heart,gut,kidney,adipose,skin,bone)
hypothalamus
interface between nervous and endocrine system
different nuclei secrete at least 8 different hormones
path of the hypothalamus hormones
- (6) go into hypophyseal portal veins to anterior pituitary where they stimulate or inhibit release of other hormones
- (2) travel down axons to the posterior pituitary where they are stored until released
pituitary gland
sits in sella turcica
2 anatomically distinct glands: anterior and posterior
other names of pituitaries
whole - hypophysis
anterior - adenohypophysis
posterior - neurohypophysis
anterior pituitary
embryonically derived from the roof of mouth
5 diff. cell types secrete 7 major hormones
blood supply via hypophyseal portal system
posterior pituitary
derived from brain outgrowth
connected to hypothalamus via infundibulum
axon terminal from hypothalamus
separate blood supply from anterior lobe
pineal gland
in epithalamus, attached to roof of 3rd ventricle
largest in children and atrophies by end of puberty
secrete melatonin - sleeeep
thymus
in superior mediastinum
T-cell maturation
1’ lymphatic organ
largest in children
thyroid gland
largest endocrine gland in adults
L and R lobes connected via isthmus
hormones produced/stored in microscopic sacs
iodine containing hormones in colloid-filled follicles
